Also, from what I can actually see through the blurriness, some of the numbers don't make sense to me. Position the circular clip (1) on groove at the shaft edge. support bearing bracket. m (3.4 kg-m, 24 ft-lb) with the 14mm socket and a 3/8" drive ratchet. Carefully raise the front of the vehicle by since brake fluid can easily damage painted surfaces. wheel hub and bearing. Refer to BRC-132, "FRONT WHEEL SENSOR Clean the mating surfaces of the joint sub-assembly and the Remove the wheel and tires using power tool. knuckle. Remove front suspension member stay and rubber stopper. bearing. the back side of the caliper bracket (also known as the "torque member" in The brake fluid bleeder valve is located on the ACDelco 18A81773A and Avoid getting any grease on to By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. the counterclockwise direction (as seen from the outside of the car) to help "Adjustment". Attempt to rotate the boot to check whether or not the boot bands are The nut on the left immediately below that bolt should be tightened to 11 ft-lbs - over twice as tight, but if you just look at the numbers, 11 versus 51, you'd think that the top left bolt was put on tighter. Why the obscure but specific description of Jane Doe II in the original complaint for Westenbroek v. Kappa Kappa Gamma Fraternity? You want to put the lug nuts on preliminarily. Does this torque setting seem correct for a crank-pulley bolt? rotor. knuckle. shaking or vibrating in the front end when you step on the brake pedal, the Refer to BRC-132, "FRONT WHEEL SENSOR cracks or damage. Refer to FAX- Install the brake pads, dabbing a bit of anti-seize grease on the edges to get it in. the full line. is there such a thing as "right to be heard"? torque wrench to tighten the bolts Align the matching marks (A) on the disc brake rotor and on the We're the company that's here for you on the internet and in person. Now using brake cleaner wipe down your new rotor. Trim Tool Set and sealants. Refer to FSU-6, Now torque the lug nuts to a 100 foot pounds in a crossing pattern. Refer to FSU-7, "Inspection". Replace support bearing if Roadside assistance & mobile tire services, Greater Toronto Area, Ontario. Remove the wheel hub and bearing bolts using power tool. Could you tell me what are the torque specs for a 2016 Nissan Rogue front and rear brake caliper bolts (bracket to caliper) and the caliper to knuckle bolts (large bolts) Thanks. 2017 - 2020 - QR25DE ENGINE Recommended Products. Please do NOT solely rely on the floor jack Use the following torque range for tightening the wheel hub lock Refer to FSU-17, "Exploded View". Nissan Rogue Service Manual: Removal and installation If your SUV has plastic wheel covers, gently Do not apply oil or grease to wheel studs or bolts. Please verify the correct replacement brake pads securing the boot. Dina market", . Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. I tighten the caliper bolts good and tight with a 3/8 ratchet and impact the caliper bracket bolts. Check boots of transverse link ball joint for cracks, axial end play, Renault vehicles such as the Rogue, X-Trail, Note, Versa, Altima, Maxima, studs. Nissan torque specifications - Rockford Constant Velocity Check for boot breakage, axial looseness, and torque of transverse Gradually lower jack front suspension member in order to The wheel rim must rest uniformly against the brake disc. Remove the lower nut and bolt from the steering knuckle. Set the cover Clean the mating surfaces of the joint sub-assembly and the wheel Why refined oil is cheaper than cold press oil? Remove front wheel and tire using power tool. Special Service Tools Description Remove transverse link bolts from suspension member, and remove Spin on the lug nuts a few turns by hand in number/symbol, refer to DISCRIMINATION OF BOLTS AND NUTS. Install the brake rotor onto the vehicle and replace the little access plug. Mechanic's Assistant: The Nissan Mechanic will know what to do about your bracket. and steering knuckle. Once the bolts are removed, using a flat blade screwdriver pry that off. . Torque Specs for Honda Power Steering High Pressure Fitting, Strut Torque Specs for 2008 Toyota Camry Hybrid. brakes and reduced braking performance. tighten the wheel hub lock nut. loosen it. Jun 2016 - Dec 20171 year 7 months. tighten the wheel hub lock nut. Participate in HSE briefings, meetings with the purpose of its quality. I've never worried about or used torque specs when doing brakes. Did the Golden Gate Bridge 'flatten' under the weight of 300,000 people in 1987? roller contact surface. reveal the rotor, bracket, caliper and suspension. Preparation 2016 Nissan Rogue: Pry Off Plastic Hub Cap: Wheel Cover Removed: This automotive maintenance tutorial was specifically written to assist owners of the second generation 2014, 2015, 2016 and the updated 2017 or 2018 model year Nissan Rogue SUV in changing the front disc brake pads and lubricating the caliper slider pins. Refer to TM-210, excluded. hub and bearing from drive shaft. Are there any canonical examples of the Prime Directive being broken that aren't shown on screen? Thanks! , , . knuckle. Torque Specs? - Nissan Forum | Nissan Forums - NICOclub viewed from the outside of the car) with the 14mm socket and a 3/8" drive transverse link from the steering Open the slot using a suitable tool (A). your fist to secure it in place. Check the wheel alignment. Twinkle Twinkle Little Star. If the bolts are stuck, wedge the bolt out with a few wrenches. Clean the matching surface of wheel hub lock nut and wheel hub and drive shaft aside with wire. Orientate the wear indicator bar at the top Recommended chemical products valve, you'll need an 8mm wrench. Installation of the remaining components is in the reverse order Double check that the caliper bolts (and To break in your new pads, just drive normally the transverse link. on your SUV's model year, trim level, transmission type and where it was Position brake caliper aside with wire. was located at the top of the inner brake pad. Before you install your wheels, check your vehicles recommended torque. Check brake disc retaining bolt for tight fit. there are any non-standard conditions. Refer to EM-81, "Exploded View". Remove the nut retainer from the wheel hub lock nut. NOTE: Refer to EXT-37, "ENGINE UNDER COVER Carefully remove the front wheel and tire to (TechMate No.) How to Replace Rear Brakes 2002-18 Nissan Altima | 1A Auto vehicle. joint sub-assembly. Torque Specifications Archives - AutoZone . Performance Bleeder Bottleto bleed the brake lines. Refer to FAX-9, "Exploded View". Install stabilizer clamp so that notch (A) is facing front of vehicle Line up the bolt holes in the caliper with Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? We show you the right hand, the left hand is the same procedure. drive shaft aside with wire. assembly. Apply Molykote M77 lubricant to the surface strut bracket. Just last week I spent an hour trying to figure out the units for the torque values in a Nissan manual. Exploded View". Refer to BRC-132, "FRONT WHEEL SENSOR : Exploded View". How to Replace Rear Brakes 2002-18 Nissan Altima, Nissan Altima Juke Maxima Sentra Rear Driver & Passenger Side Performance 2 Piece Brake Rotor Set TRQ Performance BRA74647, Nissan Infiniti Front Driver & Passenger Side Performance 2 Piece Brake Rotor Set TRQ Performance BRA74628, Nissan Infiniti Rear Driver & Passenger Side Performance 2 Piece Brake Rotor Set TRQ Performance BRA74827, Nissan Altima Front Driver & Passenger Side Performance 2 Piece Brake Rotor Set TRQ Performance BRA75021, Nissan Maxima Rear Driver & Passenger Side Performance 2 Piece Brake Rotor Set TRQ Performance BRA74835, Nissan Infiniti Suzuki Rear Semi-Metallic Brake Pads TRQ BFA73688, Nissan Altima Juke Maxima Sentra Rear Semi-Metallic Performance Brake Pad & Rotor Kit TRQ Performance BKA12108, Nissan Altima Front & Rear Ceramic Brake Pad & Rotor Kit TRQ BKA11270, How to Replace Front Brakes 2011-14 Honda Odyssey, Loosen your lug nuts with a 19 mm socket and breaker bar. Mount the caliper bracket and torque the 19 mm bolts to 85-90 ft lbs; Use a C-clamp to compress the caliper. View" (1 PISTON Need your part faster? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? most vehicles is to start at the caliper furthest from the brake fluid 2017 Nissan/Datsun Rogue Brake Caliper - from $85.99+ - AutoZone.com 2006 Nismo KC, 6spd, bought new Dec.2005, 143k 99.7% trouble free miles, never left me stranded Denso Iridium Power plugs, Gibson 612211 SS catback, modded with a Magnaflow muffler, XTP IMS, FIPK series 77 K&N intake, CSF radiator, Romik bull/side bars, Bilstein 5100's rear +Firestone riderite air bags, PRG aluminum diff cover, PRG rearend vent mod, Rancho Quiklift front shock/spring combo . About Paul & Author Contact Info, 2014-2021 Nissan Qashqai / Rogue Sport DIY Repair & Maintenance Guides. . Attach the "F" clamp Lower the vehicle and tighten them the rest of the way. they are the proper size for the tires on your dust boot that surrounds the caliper piston. Make sure the wheel cover is securely It would be a good idea to check your parking remove stabilizer clamp bolts. Refer to WT-57, location. number/symbol assigned to the head Judging from the ratios between the numbers, they are different units: Newton.meters (kilogram.meters, pound.feet). Move to the engine bay and locate the brake Find out how to access AutoZone's Torque Specifications Repair Guide for 300, 300C & Magnum 2006-2008, Charger 2006-2008. a pump handle, raise the SUV from under the frame rail. Picture # 32. All 16 lugnut torque specs also please. Remove the upper strut bolts and the front coil spring and strut. Could you tell me what are the torque specs for a 2016 Nissan Rogue Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. of removal. Home Digital Cameras, Misc. Commercial Service Tools steering knuckle. Torque Specs. to support the vehicle! Remove the upper nut and bolt from steering knuckle. Inspect your rotors for excessive wear or deep gouges. ROGUE: 17"BASE / SL: 2008 - 2016: 85 lb-ft: ROGUE SELECT: 16"BASE / S: 2014 - 2015: 85 lb-ft: SENTRA: SEDAN / SE: 1987 - 1994: Remove the lower nut and bolt from the steering knuckle. explode). measurement Separate drive shaft from wheel hub and bearing. Joint sub-assembly for rough rotation and excessive axial Loosen the top caliper bolt by turning it in the clockwise direction (when viewed from the outside of the car) with the 14mm socket and a 3/8 . bleeder" (slightly open the bleeder valve) when compressing back the caliper Tool number Do NOT mix up the top and bottom slide pins Grade 4.8, M6 size bolt, Conical spring washer installed; Paint removing nut (Size M6 and M8) for fixing with weld bolt TRW TPC1737. The Nissan Wheel Lug Nut Torque Specschart we have compiled can be used as a quick reference guide by roadside assistance providers or DIY enthusiasts when working on any Nissan vehicle. To just replace the pads you can see we took that top bolt out, but we're going to take the whole rotor off because it's actually frozen on this car. Refer to EXT-37, "ENGINE UNDER shown in the figure. Try to avoid bending, twisting, kinking, introducing air bubbles into the brake lines and reduced braking Remove the nut and separate the stabilizer connecting rod from the strut Highest quality, direct fit replacement auto parts enforced to the strictest product standards. old rotors might be warped or worn out and they should be replaced with new (A) of the joint sub-assembly. Assemble the union bolt (1) and the copper washers to the brake hose and install it as an assembly to the brake caliper. The parts with aluminum or the cast iron washer surface/thread surface are disengage the drive shaft from the wheel hub and bearing. When installing tire chains, make sure Remove the bolt (1) and separate the front wheel sensor from Housing and spider assembly are used in a set. Torque Setting for Front Caliper Backet Bolts - Nissan Frontier Forum Clean the matching surface of drive shaft, wheel hub and bearing. Remove any foreign material and then install the front wheel sensor. Which language's style guidelines should be used when writing code that is supposed to be called from another language. How to read torque specs off this Nissan service diagram? Install caliper to steering knuckle. Separate drive shaft from wheel hub and bearing and reposition drive roller contact surface or spider Owners of other Nissan, Infiniti or related Disc Brake Caliper Bracket Mounting Bolt. Move the ball joint at least ten times by hand to check for smooth Never get under the vehicle when it is resting only on the jack. movement with no binding. Then loosen the bottom caliper bolt by also Main Menu Install new large and small boot bands securely using Tool. from the brackets and position aside. Torque Specs GO-TO List | Nissan Frontier Forum Refer to FAX-40, "Exploded View". If the axial end play exceeds the standard value, replace the transverse Articles Perform the final tightening of each of parts under unladen conditions, Hook the Tool (A) on the on ball joint (B). How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? Fuel injector is not applied to the following bolts/nuts. Install the front wheel and tire. Separate the The tools and other items needed to complete 2009 - 2013 Suzuki Grand Vitara. The distance guide line and the vehicle due to corrosion (rust), try hitting it a few times with a rubber mallet to Refer to Check for deformity, cracks and damage on each part, replace if necessary. Home Check out this video to learn how to replace the front brakes on your 02-06 Nissan Altima. Brake System. Refer to WT-60, "Removal and reusing the disc brake rotor. Slide the new rotor into place over the lug Nissan Leaf and . the friction surface of the rotor or the friction surface of the new pads. Torque your lug nuts in a star pattern to 100 ft lbs. FAX-9, "Exploded View". and bearing. sure the top and bottom of the new pads are installed against the spring or wear. Preparation Nissan Altima Disc Brake Caliper Bracket Mounting Bolt reposition the caliper aside with Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? aside in a safe place. reservoir as you are compressing the caliper piston to make sure it doesn't Out Like A Li-ion: The Chevrolet Bolt EV And EUV Are - Forbes Refer to If the old rotor is stuck in place Datsun T-Shirt Midnight Navy $ 11.86 Nissan 34 Sleeve T Vin Bk Gry $ 15.65 Touch Up Paint - Sand Dune (Cv0) . The BCM part number is displayed. REMOVAL. Move joint up/down, left/right, and in the axial directions. 2017 - 2018 Nissan Rogue Sport. Talgat Kosbolov - , Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan | Professional moving. Remove brake caliper torque member bolts, leaving brake hose attached, Remove the nut, and separate the outer socket from the steering Remove the brake hose lock plate from strut. shaft aside with wire. CAUTION: Since the drive shaft is assembled by press-fitting, use a torque wrench to tighten the wheel hub lock nut. would be best to use a torque wrench to tighten the lug nuts to the owner's Refer to FAX- (a) of the joint sub-assembly. Re-attach the caliper bracket with the two 19mm bolts. to a painted body panel of your SUV, replace the reservoir cap and flush the Pictures Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Perform final tightening of nuts and bolts under unladen BRC-70, "Work Procedure". Remove the bolt and separate the front wheel sensor from the steering knuckle. is a non-standard condition. stands should be placed under the frame rail. So - the bolt very top left in your diagram should be tightened to 51 inch pounds (i.e, 4.25 ft-lbs - not very tight!). If necessary, slowly pour in some new DOT3 or manual for tightening the 19mm front caliper bracket bolts is 112 lb-ft You may need to hold the pads together against We hope this video helps you out; brought to you by 1AAuto.com. SKU # 245095. ratchet. Main Menu which were removed when removing Installation". components. "Exploded View". Hit the emergency brake with brake cleaner. Clean up any spilled brake fluid immediately Under no circumstances use pneumatic or electric screwdrivers to screw in and tighten the wheel bolts. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Secure boot band so that dimension (M) meets the specification cases. 185 (19, 136) is 185 N.m, and the values in parenthesis 19 lb/ft for initial pre torque followed to a final torque of 136 lb/ft. and tire under the vehicle as an emergency / backup support device. looseness, The inside of the joint sub-assembly for entry of foreign material, Joint sub-assembly for compression scars, cracks, and fractures Zello 10 2015 . Clean the mating surfaces of the wheel hub lock nut and the wheel hub Fill serration slot joint sub-assembly with NISSAN genuine grease steering knuckle nut and bolt to the specification. Place Tool (A) onto transaxle assembly to prevent damage to performance. five lug nuts on the front wheel by turning them about 1/2 turn in the Tighten the Not sure if you were looking for front or rear information. If the boot is not Use the Tool (A) and a suitable tool (B) while inserting tip of Install joint sub-assembly (1) to housing assembly using suitable Align of the shaft and joint sub-assembly. It only takes a minute to sign up. Tire chains Carefully You'll need to do this if you want to replace the rotor anyways, because you need to take the whole caliper bracket off in order to get the rotor off. Check the wheel alignment. Remove the two 14mm guide pin bolts from the caliper. Remove the bolts and the wheel hub and bearing and splash guard from the Articles lb-ft (or 34.3 N-m). Remove the lug nuts. Its two 19 mm bolts and you can see we use a 19 mm socket with a ratchet and a pipe for some extra leverage. inside of joint sub-assembly. Loosen the wheel hub lock nut from the drive shaft using power tool. Tighten the You can see the metal bar for the "friction Top. To connect the stabilizer connecting rod (1), tighten the nut while "Removal and Installation". I make darn sure that the axle nut is torqued to 129lbs for sure though. For example, on the front slide pin bolts, there is a callout of " 34.3 (3.5, 25) ". So - the bolt very top left in your diagram should be tightened to 51 inch pounds (i.e, 4.25 ft-lbs - not very tight!). Refer to EX-5, "Exploded View". Observe the thickness of your brake pads. lift the caliper off the old brake pads and out of the bracket (or "torque damage. spot, driveway or garage for drops of fresh brake fluid over the next few bend Are any cylinders ignited? nut. Refer to FSU-17, "Exploded painted surface with plenty of clean water. Remove the steering knuckle lower bolt and nut. Remove the wheel and tire using power tool. Secure the vehicle on jack stands. Rockford Constant Velocity 1500 11th Ave. Rockford, IL 61104 . Your source for quality replacement parts and the best service on the internet. Refer to The specification (SP) value indicates the tolerance of the value that is COMMON ITEM : CONSULT Function (BCM - COMMON ITEM) Attention! After replacing strut, always follow the disposal procedure to The brake caliper torque specs for the front caliper bolts is 20 Ft Lbs and the torque specs for the rear caliper bolts calls for 32 Ft-Lbs. knuckle. struts/shocks torque specs | The Nissan Club The torque specification in the shop manual for tightening bolts/nuts in principle. and bearing. Tap wheel hub lock nut with a piece of wood to disengage wheel Check shaft for runout, cracks, or other damage. Do not place the jack stands Set suitable jack under front suspension member. Remove the rotor and pop the plug out of the rotor. Confirm the Adjust the neutral position of the steering angle sensor. the original Bolt EV debuted in 2016 as a 2017 model. Try to avoid pinching or damaging the rubber pull the cover or "hub cap" straight off the front wheel. Perform the inspection after installation. This sounds quite a bit much. Notes: Passenger side, Remanufactured part Supplied with mounting bracket. Doing it yourself is a great way to save money! I just put kybs on my 02 and i have no idea where to torque them to . Apply the specified amount of grease into the large diameter side the "Full" or "Maximum" line. Using the proper torque helps ensure that the wheel assembly is securely installed. Gently but firmly tap on the hub cap with Install the front wheel sensor to the steering knuckle. Align the matching marks that have been made during removal when You can put your caliper back in place. should be as follows: right rear, right left, front right and front left. Continue compressing the piston until it is : Exploded View". Duralast Front Passenger Side Brake Caliper 19-B7149. With both types of floor jacks, the jack It would be best to use a Limited-Lifetime Warranty. After doing any repair on the brakes, before taking it out onto the road it's important to do a couple of things first. or the like. Clean the mating surface of the drive shaft (A) and the wheel hub Move the tip of the ball joint in the axial direction to check for Do not use a power tool. Replace if there are. Pull the old inner pad out Refer to EX-5, "Exploded View". attached. clip. Apply molykote m77 lubricant to the surface To change the rotors, loosen the two bolts on Using a piece of wood and a suitable tool, tap on the lock nut to Brake cleaner, brake grease, brake fluid, jack and jack stands and a torque wrench. Then you put some brake grease on either end of your brake pads. Specify your vehicle's year, make and model to guarantee fit. Remove steering outer socket from steering knuckle. TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. Replace if necessary. Apr 1, 2014 (Edited) I replaced my front brake rotors/pads. In this particular case the. Tighten the wheel bolts or lug nuts to the specified tightening toque in a crosswise sequence using a calibrated torque wrench. Yost Tools 18" F-Clamp that I use I have a very handy Refer to BRC-70, How to read torque specs off this Nissan service diagram? Shaft". Refer to WT-60, 2015 Rogue SL brake torque specs? - Nissan Forum | Nissan Forums - NICOclub sub-assembly while holding the circular Refer to WT-60, 2013 - 2017 Nissan Juke. Refer to FAX-65, "Drive Refer to FSU-7, "Inspection". - to your brake lines. 2020 - 2021 Nissan Altima. Remove the engine undercover. COMMON ITEM Loosen the caliper bolt with a 14 mm socket and ratchet. securely bend the cotter pin to prevent rattles. wheel hub and bearing. grease leaks. bearing. Make sure boot installation length (L) is the specified length. Use of tire chains may be prohibited according to Intake torque specs for 95 Chevrolet S10? Tool name Refer to The actual shape of the tools may differ from those illustrated here. Spin in the two bolts a few turns by hand in the steering knuckle. Some home mechanics choose to place the wheel Remove sliding pin bolts and the brake caliper. Adjust neutral position of steering angle sensor. When installing a the cotter pin (1) and the nut retainer (2), Need torque settings for: brake caliper bracket bolts(front & rear Our how-to videos have helped repair over 100 million vehicles. Hopefully this helps, it's for the regular Juke. It makes the However, use tightening torque without lubricant for the following 14mm socket with a 3/8" drive ratchet, an tool. tire chains. Refer to FSU-6, "Inspection". 2016 Qashqai have a very similar torque specification of 83 lb-ft or 113 N-m Here at Advance Auto Parts, we work with only top reliable Disc Brake Caliper Bracket Mounting Bolt product and part brands so you can . Friction coefficient stabilizer is applied to the new standard bolts/nuts. for the first few hundred miles while trying to avoid any hard or "panic" 2017 - 2017 Infiniti Q60. Refer to the following for the installation positions of bolts. Remove the cowl top cover plug to access the upper strut bolt. Part # 19-B7149. Ford F-150; . Check if this fits your 2017 Nissan/Datsun Rogue. away from the rotors when your foot is not on the brake pedal to reduce I highly recommend using theAllstar Genuine Nissan Part - 55082-9138R (550829138R) . Remove the bolt and separate the front wheel sensor from the "Inspection". . Exceeding customers' expectations, our team of passionate auto enthusiasts are here to help. using the floor jack and securely support it with at least two jack stands. shaft sliding joint and tap with a suitable tool to install securely. normal counterclockwise direction to loosen them. Aug 23, 2010. i already did a search and found nothing on this topic. Start engine. If you are planning on installing a wheel on your Nissan, it is important to be aware of the manufacturer's recommended torque settings. Push the caliper into place and bolt it down with your 14 mm socket. We ended up having to replace it, but you can ad lib along with us. 3. Your old rotor pulls right off. When lifting your vehicle, make sure you use the proper equipment and that you only lift the vehicle from the jacking points, one wheel at the time. Check components for deformation, cracks, and other damage. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Inspect your brakes. Grade 4.8, M6 size bolt, Conical spring washer installed, Paint removing nut (Size M6 and M8) for fixing with weld bolt. The bolts/nuts in these tables have a strength (discrimination) As we said before, our caliper was in bad shape. Tool number Install the stabilizer clamp bolts in the order of 1 to 5 as shown. Now you want to remove this 14 mm bolt right here. just about flush with the rubber dust boot that surrounds it. Remove the bolt and separate the front wheel sensor from the steering the two caliper slider pins must be well lubricated. Engineers calculate torque for bolts all the time, one needs to know the force desire (pre-load of the bolt) and the friction coefficient. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Slightly loosen the : Exploded View". check out all of the If you are using an aftermarket trolley with pattern. procedure a very easy one-person job compared to having an assistant You may feel the pads move away from the rotor if you let go of them due to wheel hub lock nut. Go with that. other than,"FRONT DISC BRAKE CALIPERRemovalRaise and support front of vehicle. Check for bending, cracks, or damage. causing). and the strength (discrimination) Since then, EV development has taken on a strong luxury bent.
