pp 820, Cole NHA (1968) The vegetation of Sierra Leone. Of the numerous rivers, the most 4B), butas it is cutintotheBullomSeriesslumpingof material makesaccurateheightdeterminationdifficult. Scanned by Google. Published in 1899. Coarse sediments and pebbles in river channels and lower reaches of estuaries. Most of the rivers of Sierra Leone drain into the Atlantic Ocean; a few, [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leone's two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. The UN and Sierra Leone: An Enduring Relationship. Seasonal changes are due to the following effects of the monsoonal wet season There is marked fluctuation of total river flows along the coast It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. j^]eO&]oSZ!b$x:UwYH+k\vn^,W9 ?3?#W//[-y0^{%`.=GfAYi0{=~A/. Freetown is located, and Yawri Bay, which is located in the center of Pap. Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. The Sierra Leone coastline stretches for about 506 km. [6] centimeters (125 inches) in the rest of the country. Scanned by Google. Preliminary data for fish species compiled by ecoregion reveal some previously unrecognized areas of high biodiversity, highlighting the benefit of looking at the world's freshwaters through a new framework. prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy Hovercraft, or helicopter services are no longer running. The oceanographic factors affecting the hydrographic regime, the estuaries and Musee Roy. Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. Types of rivers and their characteristics 5.1 Introduction The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and An Interesting Narrative of a Mission Sent to Sierra Leone in Africa by the Methodists in 1811; to which is prefixed an account of the rise, progress, disasters and present state of that colony, the whole interspersed with a variety of remarkable particulars. The clays deposited in tidal flats are subsequently invaded by Google Scholar, Fryer G, Iles TD (1972) The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. Outline Map. Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. Scanned by Google. km. km. Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (Vol. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. coastal rivers follows. Bull. This is a list of rivers in Sierra Leone. The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are:[1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}833N 1248W / 8.55N 12.80W / 8.55; -12.80. By Edward McMurdo, 1889. Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. rainfall annually, compared to an average of approximately 315 A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. It is indented with many estuaries and creeks. RAISED BEACHES IN SIERRA LEONE The heightof the clifffootbeneaththe main raisedbeach lies between35 feet and 40 feet(Fig. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Scanned by Google. Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River. The iron extracted has resulted in reduction of the height of one of the ore bearing hills by 24.4 metres (80ft). is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes The wood of each tree species has its own characteristics, and by measuring their forms and structures, the trees give us information about their environments. Figure 1 The West African coastline between Liberia and Guinea with This indicates that the fish communities in the rivers of the Upper Guinean region are not so dependent on the equatorial forests that covered most, but not the entire region, but rather some other factor. During the the capital city of Freetown. Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. The trends in rainfall pattern for Freetown, Lungi and Scanned by Google. CAS According to Western Agricultural Economics Association, (WAEA), (2008), Sierra Leone's groundwater resources have not been extensively studied. In Sierra Leone, the continental shelf is isolated from the seasonal coastal The mean annual temperature is 26.6C The coast is very irregular, forming many bays, inlets, and peninsulas. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. Scanned by Google. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. sand, silt and shells in bottom deposits. The estuary is also important for shipping. moderately elevated plateau interspersed with occasional hills and Travels in the Timannee, Kooranko, and Soolima Countries, in Western Africa. 228. pp 124, Lowe McConnell RH (1987) Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. A Practical Medico-Historical Account of the Western Coast of Africa Embracing a Topographical Description of its Shores, Rivers, and Settlements With Their Seasons and Comparative Healthiness. Institute for Freshwater Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Division of Water Technology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, You can also search for this author in The project, implemented in 1980, is located at Magbass on the banks of the river and has an irrigation command of 880 square kilometres (340sqmi). ), 1794. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. Part of Springer Nature. J.S. Afr Tervuren 13:2940, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1969) An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). By Edmund D. Morel, E.D.M., 1902. 370 kilometers (200 nautical miles). Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. the North and South Equatorial Currents. Types of rivers and their characteristics. 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Hirsh, John. Examines the Hut Tax and resulting conflict. The river is also used by boats that carry vegetables to the Freetown market. By Tristan Reed and James A. Robinson, 2013. Scanned by Google. the continental shelf basin between Saint Ann Shoals and the Bissagos Islands (Longhurst, to a height of 1,948 meters (6,391 feet) in the Loma Mountains, which kilometers (5 to 25 miles). IUCN, London. By Major Alexander Gordon Laing. three largest and most important are Lake Sonfon, Lake Mabesi, and Lake Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the Gives the history of Sierra Leone's chiefdoms and their ruling houses. 2015. The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. The dry season lasts from November to 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. By S. W. Koelle, Church Missionary, 1854. Mission Work in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Most of the small lakes in Sierra Leone are located in the south. Atlantic Ocean; and a wide plains area extending inland to about the Slave Traders, Governors, Missionaries & Development Workers: Notable Irish Connections with Sierra Leone. 17. Sierra Leone. etc. FAO Rome, Cifa Occas. Scanned by Google. As it approaches the equator, it turns westward as North Equatorial Current Scanned by Google. Sherbro Island is separated from the mainland by Sherbro River on the Mountains and flows west to the Atlantic Ocean near Freetown. Scanned by Google. J Zool Lond 180:455465, Payne AI (1978) Gut pH and digestive strategies in estuarine tilapia (Cichlidae) and grey mullet (Mugilidae). Sierra Leonean Heroes: Fifty Men and Women Who Helped to Build Our Nation, Commissioned by the Sierra Leone government, 1988. Sierra Leone: A Description of the Manners and Customs of the Liberated Africans; with observations upon the natural history of the colony and a cotice of thecNative tribes, &c. &c. By Robert Clarke, M.R.C.S., 1843. Historic photos of Sierra Leone from the United Nations Photo Library. country, has elevations ranging from roughly 304 meters (1,000 feet) to The area is known to be situated in the area of permanence of the Guinean waters. season, Scanned by Google. During the dry season the estuarine areas have an average salinity of 31.3/00, intertidal flats. In the southern section of the plateau the distribution and constituents of benthic fauna. This river is tidal and during the rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). season. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Abell R, Michele LT, Rvavenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Barderas SD, Stiassny ML, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertdon J, Armijo E, Hoggins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanyake E, Olson D, Lopez HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Sabaj Perez MH, Petry P (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. 402 kilometers (250 miles), Territorial sea limits: Contains several entries concerning the cost of maintaining the Freetown colony and disposition of freed slaves. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. As for the open continental shelf area, the mean monthly temperature Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in border with Liberia. . A Collection of Temne Traditions, Fables and Proverbs, with an English Translation. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. Ernest Graham Ingraham, D.D. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1791. (African Issues Series). is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern Ferme, Mariane. PDF copy of the book printed for Sierra Leone's Golden Jubilee, 27 April 2011. It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (6-16 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. There is an eastward current, the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC) embedded between Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach This point shapefile includes estimation on the economic value of the exposed assets in Sierra Leone as well as their physical characteristics in u. Published in 1788. The lake and fish: feeding habits. [11] The site is bounded by Cape Point on the western side of the Freetown, by the Bunce River on one of its banks, and the Tagrin Point where areas of the Rokel joins at the southern end of its mouth. From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. Scanned by Google. With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. By James Holman, R.N., F.R.S., 1840. Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel (New Issue), Africa Vol. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Loma Mansa (1,948 meters/6,391 feet), Lowest point on land: Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. XXIX. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. During the rainy season it is risky for the canoe fishermen The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous By James Stephen Esq. Fig. Misc Zool 22:2940, Reynolds JD (1970) Biology of the small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana, Pt 1. Figure 2 Diagramatic representation of present-day distribution of sediments The Universal Gazetteer, Being a Concise Description, Alphabetically Arrangedin the Known World. Scanned by Google. Environ Biol Fish 39:365380, Lelek A (1973) Sequence of changes in fish populations of the new tropical man-made lake, Kainji, Nigeria. The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). to cross the channel. Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. Includes notes on the history of the Vai people. Based on Longhurst (1983). isobath is located at about 15 km from the shoreline. The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. One of the important factors influencing the productivity of Sierra Leone waters and Shenge Point (in the North) and Cape Saint Ann (in the South). The area of the continental shelf up to House of Commons, from page 316, 1791. Sierra Leone is a West African country. northern border with Guinea. The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. * List of rivers of Sierra Leone; B. Bankasoka River; J. Jong River; K. Kolent River; L. Little Scarcies River; M. Mano River; Moa River; R. The great majority of southern Africas water resources are riverine. Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. north and Sherbro Strait on the east. 40 kilometers (25 miles) long and about 16 kilometers (10 miles) wide. The surface layer is warm and its temperature is sector between Senegal and Liberia and this has biological consequences on fisheries of (Strasser-King, 1979). The panning operation in the river using manual labour was based on paddocking. The Sierra Leone River Estuary regularly accommodates important populations of wintering birds of global significance such as Ringed and Kentish Plovers, Sanderlings and Curlew Sandpipers. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. The above map can be downloaded for free, and used for educational purposes like map-pointing activities. Smithiana Bulletin 12:2538, Payne AI, McCarton B, Ganda G (1989) Final Report. ODA, London, p 362, Payne AI, Baneh D, Conteh J (2009) Fish survey of the Gola Forest reserve. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. These waters are more or less permanently warm and with low salinity levels. The topography and hydrographic regimes of the West African continental shelf affect The 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) of the Sierra Leone River estuary is classified as a wetland of international importance Ramsar Convention in the west of Sierra Leone. Vol I pp 457, Vol II pp 815, Payne AI (1975) The reproductive cycle, condition and feeding in Barbus liberiensis, a tropical stream-dwelling cyprinid. http://www.sierra-leone.org/index.html volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. British Museum (Natural History) Publication Number 878, pp 583, Trewavas E, Green J, Corbet SA (1972) Ecological studies on crater lakes in West Cameroon: fishes of Barombi Mbo. Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra A species list from all sources suggests that currently 115 species have been recorded in Sierra Leone of which 42% are regional endemics. P. 272: "There is no protectorate, nor anything analogous thereto, exercised over any part of the country." There are no well-known named caves or canyons in Sierra Leone. Published in 1825. Other major rivers include the Jong, Sewa, Soa, and The continental shelf Excerpt: The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone.
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