For more information on understanding arrow weight and FOC click here. IBO Speed (feet per second) Putting it all into perspective. This calculator is based on average efficiency gains as arrow weight is increased from 5 grains per pound (IBO). Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. there is very little difference in trajectory when you sight in at the recommended distance that is supplied with most crossbows. The arrow speed calculator makes it easy to estimate the speed of an arrow! Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. . *The number 225,218 is derived from converting grains to pounds and then . The optical chronograph is insensitive to shooting distance, but shooting errors can destroy the chronograph. Notice that at 250 FPS this value cannot be achieved. Let us see how to use this tool: Begin by indicating the IBO rating in fps in the Bow IBO rating field. Your arrows kinetic energy will depend on its speed. What is important, is understanding how this impacts the arrow you choose to buy and use when hunting, along with the broadheads you use. Archery & Crossbow Ballistics Calculator: Initial velocity: fps m/s Arrow mass: gr g Angle of departure MOA Shaft length: in cm Shaft diameter: in mm Vane length: in cm Vane height . So the important question right now is: how much does initial arrow speed drop as its weight goes up? Fast-flying arrows have flatter flight trajectories and less deviation from the wind. Arrow Speed (FPS): Arrow Weight (grains): Advanced Shaft Length (inches): Shaft Diameter (inches): Fletching Length (inches): Fletching Height (inches): Calculate Reset to defaults Distance (yards) Drop (inches) Arrow Speed (FPS) Kinetic Energy (ft/lbs) Momentum (lb/sec) 0 10 20 The gravitational constant (g) is the acceleration due to gravity, which is 32.174 feet per second per second at sea level. By drawing your bow, you convert mechanical energy (ME) and store it as potential energy (PE) in the bow limbs. This specification determines the arrow speed, provided that you keep the following parameters: If you deviate from these parameters, the arrow speed will not equal the one given by the specification. This average will get most bowswithin a few percent of real-world speeds. The arrow speed calculator makes it easy to estimate the speed of an arrow! Factoring in the gravitational constant in both of those formulas for hunting arrows is necessary to account for the effect of gravity on the arrows motion. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. Three main factors determine how fast a crossbow will shoot: power stroke, draw weight and arrow weight. But because these are rarely the conditions under which every archer will be using their bow, then comes the question: what the actual speed of my arrow is? You can go to heavy with an arrow, but the answer is not as simple as that. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. Sighting-in your crossbow properly to compensate trajectory. Confirm the zero by shooting a . *Slugs can be converted to Pound-Seconds by multiplying the result from the above formula by 32.174. The arrow speed calculator above provides a quick estimation. Arrow Speed Calculator Bow Manufacturer IBO Speed move slider or enter value ft/sec Draw Weight move slider or enter value lbs Draw Length move slider or enter value inches Arrow Weight move slider or enter value grains Weight Added to String (20gr=peep only, 45gr=peep and tube) move slider or enter value The arrow weight in grains (includes fletchings, wraps, inserts and also. For example, it takes approximately 40 ft/lbs(+or-) of kinetic energy to kill a whitetail deer. Note that the above is valid if speed is NOT increased at the expense of reduced arrow weight. 3. 2. Kinetic Energy Vs Momentum for Hunting? This is what we included: The IBO speed is used as a standardized speed rating for bows. However, here you'll find a bit of a contradiction because heavier arrows result in slower speeds, meaning compromising speed might be necessary to avoid losing momentum and kinetic energy so rapidly. ArcheryHunting.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Maximum Point Blank Range; Maximum point blank range when sighting in a crossbow is the height of the mid-range rise and the arrow drop beyond true zero, both are equal in measure. In general, all three methods can be used with equal success as there is little difference in measured speed. To exaggerate to make a point, a one-pound arrow would plummet to the ground the minute it left your barrel. Using multiple chronographs positioned at varying distances and heights, we calculated the drop in projectile speed at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 yards. This arrow speed calculator allows you to accurately determine the speed of an arrow. Be careful with increasing string weight, as it is equally important to string the bow comfortably. The calculator uses this data, along with AI models, to predict the performance . To learn more about kinetic energy and momentum, visit our kinetic energy calculator and this impulse and momentum calculator. Do 100 FPS make such an impactful difference? You can obtain this value with this formula: An arrow's kinetic energy is determined as: Keep in mind that the arrow loses speed as it travels. #3:Notall crossbows are suitable for hunting. Finally, using our arrow ballistics calculator (which requires that both arrow speed and mass are known) we determined the values plotted in the chart below. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. A 10 ft-lbs difference in KE can potentially result in a noticeable difference in the arrows ability to effectively penetrate the animal and cause a humane kill. To make the change inarrow, I went back to ourArrow Efficiency Calculator. Here are a few rules of thumb to remember: The Kinetic Energy and Momentum Calculators here use the gravitational constant to give you the best results for kinetic energy and momentum. Bows 5-10 years old will tend to gain efficiency faster than one that is brand new. We strongly recommend reading our detailed kinetic energy tests and guide for more information. After you've entered these values, the calculator will display the actual arrow speed, momentum, and kinetic energy of the arrow , What is IBO speed? The combined speed, kinetic energy, and momentum calculator below will help you estimate the potential each arrow has based on its weight and your personal bow setup and settings. Lets find out. Created by the International Bowhunter's Organization, the IBO speed is given as a speed value in feet per second (fps or ft/s), and the higher this number is, the higher the speed that could be achieved with that particular bow. Practice has proved that shooting with a faster crossbow reduces or entirely eliminates the probability of this. Arrow Speed Calculator. For the most accurate results, it is best to use a known speed and known arrow weight under 6 grain per pound to determine your corrected IBO value. For every inch of draw length above 30, add 10 ft/s to the IBO value. It's also worth noting that these variables are affected not just by the arrow's speed vvv but also by its mass AAA. Remember, the speed of your arrow is at the point of the shot. Point Blank Range; Point blank range when sighting in a crossbow is the first point at which the line of sight intersects with the arrows path in the arrows trajectory arc. 2. Spine is measured by the number of inches a shaft deflects (bends) X 1000. Anderson, SC, 2023 N1 Outdoors. The heavier your arrow, the slower its initial speed will be, and the lower its speed will be when it hits the target, resulting in lower kinetic energy. A fast arrow has the flattest trajectory possible, and thats a good thing, for several reasons, the biggest being the leeway in aiming at a distant target at an unknown range. The size of the heart/lung area is around 8 inches on a average size deer weighing 120 pounds. For example, if you increase the draw weight by 5 pounds the speed of your arrows can increase by 10 fps. Now, enter the Draw length of the bow. Momentum is often considered more important for hunting because it can help the arrow maintain its penetration potential. A properly balanced arrow measurements of 7 to 15%. . You can check this calculator to see how fast the arrows lose height at different flight speeds. Arrow speed depends on several factors, including bow string weight, string length, string material, arrow weight, and weather conditions. Now, there are a few bows rated at 350+ fps based on the International Bowhunting Organizations (IBO) standard. But a bowling ball moving at the same speed is a whole different matter. There are a few more things that impact how fast your arrow is traveling after you shoot. *Our website is supported by our users. Heavy arrows, coupled with the right speed for your target animal, optimized by a high FOC, can accomplish a lot more than a light, fast arrow. As such we decided to use 400 grain arrows, as this was bound to yield results most closely resembling those that a new crossbow buyer will experience when shooting the arrows in their crossbow package. How far can you shoot a crossbow? Even at 275 FPS you only get close to it at 10 yards out. For example, a 500 spine arrow bends .5 inches when the weight is applied. Execute. Kinetic Energy: 5.55 foot-pounds. Enter speed and arrow weight data into the calculator. It's measured by applying an 880-gram weight to the arrow, suspended from the center of the shaft. Arrow drop test results The second conclusion is that this drawback of shooting slow weapons can be remedied to a good extent by simply reducing the distance we attempt shots at. You should be able to successfully harvest How to determine the optimal shooting range for my crossbow? fps. And second, faster arrows leave less time for the animal to react to the shot sound. You should adjust the arrow speed given by the IBO specification according to the following rules: All of these rules can be put in one common equation: You can also use the arrow speed calculator to find the momentum and the kinetic energy of the arrow. And of course, most of us operate within a more or less fixed budget and don't enjoy the idea of spending $3k-$4k on one of the latest and greatest models. Mike is a Veteran who served 21 years in the U.S. Army and retired as a Sergeant Major from the 5th Special Forces Group. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. 44 Yards - Maximum Effective Hunting Range. The speed decreases exponentially as the arrow travels. What is the maximum range for a crossbow? This is where this bow speed calculator comes in handy; it allows you to examine how the arrow will behave under a different bow setting. Archery Hunting 101: Bow Hunting for Beginners. With the disadvantage of my short draw length of 27.5-inches and my draw weight of 60-pounds because of a bad shoulder, I decided to go with the fastest arrow within that range, something right around 400-grains. Nevertheless, most archers do not use these exact parameters. Balanced Bowhunting Knowing the rough speed at which your arrow will fly, you can now use our kinetic energy calculator to quickly figure out your arrows initial kinetic energy. Speed is needed to make the arrow arrive at its target quickly, but arrow speed is not what kills the animals you shoot with your bow. Also, make sure to check out our best crossbow rankings for a scoop on the top equipment on the market. For a more detailed explanation, check the notes below the calculator. . Welcome to our Arrow Speed, Kinetic Energy, and Momentum Calculator, where you can easily calculate your arrows speed, kinetic energy, and momentum based on the IBO speed of your compound bow, your draw weight, draw length, and arrow weight. The overall weight of the weapon, its balance, arrow weight, ease of cocking, and precision are also important. When you input your bow and arrows information in the calculator below, you can see right away what your arrows potential is. The same team that conducted the above research suggested a way to calculate the effective range for each bow/crossbow model: Divide the crossbow velocity (in FPS) by 10. The most critical factor is the IBO speed entered as this is the starting point of the calculations. That is defined by an arrows weight, broadhead, and momentum. To properly calculate kinetic energy, use the following formula: 1/2 Mass (Arrow Weight in grains divided by 2) x Velocity squared (Arrow Speed x Arrow Speed (in fps from the above formula)) / 225218 - The result of this formula is calculated in foot-pounds (ft-lbs). The rule of thumb was that for every added inch of draw length, you increase raw arrow speed by approximately 10-15 fps. Chasing 300 fps? Let us see how to use this tool: Begin by indicating the IBO rating in fps in the Bow IBO rating field. In the calculator below, we measure this in slugs. Every bow gains efficiency a little differently. The IBO standard began as a means to regulate archery competitions, but the majority of bow companies have adopted its guidelines to standardize the measurement ofarrowspeed for the purposes of setting bow specifications. That's a tough question to answer. , because of the higher momentum at the moment of impact. The momentum of an arrow is linked to arrow penetration. Draw weight: The more draw weight you pull, the faster the arrow will fly. To correctly calculate kinetic energy, use the following formula: 1/2 Mass (Arrow Weight in grains divided by 2) x Velocity squared (Arrow Speed x Arrow Speed (in fps from the above formula)) / 225218 The result of this formula is calculated in foot-pounds (ft-lbs). As of 2021, crossbow speeds range between 300 FPS and 500 FPS. When shooting a compound bow, all things being equal, they are: Many bowhunters dont quite understand the complexity behind bow speeds. This arrow speed calculator allows you to accurately determine the speed of an arrow. If you were to shoot a 500 grain arrow from the exact same crossbow, its initial speed would be roughly 90% of 350, or around 315 FPS. Decide on the draw weight and the arrow weight. Here are some interesting things to note, based on the kinetic energy chart at the top of this page: #1: Kinetic energy drops are fairly predictable. With that said, the average efficiency curve utilized for the calculator is based on various bows from APA, Elite, Bowtech, Hoyt, and PSE ranging from 40lbs up to 85lbs. The same team that conducted the above research suggested a way to calculate the effective range for each bow/crossbow model: Divide the crossbow velocity (in FPS) by 10. This tool should get you close to that. Corrected IBO Example - A 70#/29" bow that's rated at 350 fps is has been chronographed at 315 fps with a 400 grain arrow. Using everyday masking tape, you can easily calculate the power stroke of your bow. While KE is an important factor in penetration, momentum is also critical because it determines the arrows ability to push through the target. For every inch you reduce, the draw length reduces around 10 fps of your bow speed. Every 3 grains of additional weight on the bow string will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. To achieve this the arrow will actually intersect with the line of sight twice, giving you a dead center hold on the target for many yards without hold-over or hold-under. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. As such we recommend that elk hunters stick to 300 FPS or more. FOC stands for Front of Center balance point. Every 3 grains of total arrow weight above draw weight multiplied by 5, will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. Before we see how to calculate bow speed, let's go through the main factors that influence the arrow speed to better understand how the actual speed is determined: Draw weight DDD This is the force required to pull a bow, expressed in pounds. And we purposefully say "speed that could be achieved" because these marked speeds are not usually the ones that an archer can attain while using his bow with his specific setup. For whitetail deer this requirement is lower any crossbow 250 FPS and up will be a safe pick. A longer draw length results in a longer power stroke than a shorter draw length, allowing the bow to store more energy that then is transferred to the arrow. For more information on Kinetic Energy and Momentum, please see Kinetic Energy, Momentum and Arrows Enter the arrow weight (grains) Enter the arrow speed (fps) Momentum = Kinetic Energy = Archery Report Sites Archery Report Archery Calculator Knowing I shot my 315-grain antelope arrow at 309 FPS, I entered that data to find the most efficient arrow weight for my new whitetail arrow. If this tool does not calculate, please refresh the page and try again. The arrow ballistics calculator below will help you determine your arrow's vertical drop, speed, kinetic energy and momentum, for up to 70 yards out in 10 yard increments. If you were to shoot a 600 grain arrow instead, your initial speed would be roughly 82.5% of 350, or around 290 FPS. To calculate your arrow's kinetic energy you need to know two variables: 1) your total finished arrow weight in grains, and 2) the velocity of your arrow. If youre planning on using 450 grain arrows, the information above suggests that your arrow will leave the crossbow at a speed of around 380 FPS (95% of 400). When a crossbow is said to shoot at 300 FPS, that means that, when the arrow leaves the flight rail, it would travel 300 feet in the span of one second if it could constantly maintain its momentum and trajectory. Thus, when a manufacturer touts its bow as having a speed of, say, 350 fps, the truth is that a hunting weight arrow of 400-450 grains from that same bow will initially leave the bow much slower especially if the draw weight and draw length are significantly reduced. Use the Arrow Efficiency Calculator to find the optimal arrow for your bowhunting setup. With having said that lets sight these crossbows with a maximum point blank range drop of 3 inches and a mid-range rise of 3 inches. Muley Short Sleeve T-shirt | Solids, Coues On Short Sleeve T-shirt | Black/Gray, Western Whitetail Multicam Flexfit Mesh Cap, +/- 1 inch change in draw length ~ +/-10 FPS, +/- 10 pound change in draw weight ~+/- 18 FPS, +/- 3 grain change in arrow weight ~ +/- 1 FPS, +/- 3 grain change in string weight ~ +/- 1 FPS. Arrow Velocity Arrow Mass Your kinetic energy is 0 foot pounds, and your momentum is 0 slug FPS. View Results* Dark Blue: Optimal arrow weight. Power stroke is the length between the crossbow's string in its full-draw position and at rest point. A heavy arrow will produce a great deal of arrow momentum even at the price of arrow speed, but will eventually go down as arrow speed decreases. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. You can also see how increasing your arrow weight will increase kinetic energy and momentum, but then decrease kinetic energy when the speed of your arrow decreases to the point where it can no longer provide the force necessary to increase your arrows lethality. To calculate arrow speed, measure the distance in inches between the two groups of arrows you shot from 20 and 40 yards. This is a good rough rule to remember in case you need to do some quick on-the-spot kinetic energy calculations in the field. The general guideline for this factor is: For every extra inch of draw length increases approximately 10 fps the arrow speed; and. 1. Kinetic Energy & Momentum Calculator Find out the kinetic energy of your arrow or bolt using the following simple calculator. Ever wonder exactly how much kinetic energy is released by an arrow, based on its initial speed and distance traveled? 525 grain arrows will fly at ~87.8% of initial speed The greater the draw weight, the greater the speed of the arrow shot from the bow. In closing, using an arrow speed calculator will provide a solid estimate; however, you have to shoot your hunting weight arrow through a chronograph to know exactly how fast it is flying. *All data are approximate. Draw length: A longer draw length creates a longer power stroke than a shorter draw length, allowing the bow to store more energy. . I remember when I first started bowhunting; it was right around the time I became a teenager. Bonus fps! Example - A 70#/29" bow that's rated at 350 fps is has been chronographed at 315 fps with a 400 grain arrow. Similar in design, the 35 3/4-inch-long Horton Storm RDX attains 370 fps from a 16 1/2-inch power stroke and 165-pound draw weight. My bow stayed the same: 60-pounds at 27.5-inches of draw. The chart below demonstrates the minimum, as well as recommended, kinetic energy, for hunting different-sized game. Modern crossbows typically generate speeds anywhere from 280-350 feet per second, with some models topping 400 fps. This calculator is based on average efficiency gains as arrow weight is increased from 5 grains per pound (IBO). We appreciate your help. Contact Us for More Information. Four terms to know when properly sighting in a Crossbow. In the table below, you will see some base values there already, they are there to show you an example of a real-world situation with real values and what they look like when compared to a mid-range bow and mid-range set of arrows. The rule of thumb is that for every 10 lbs. By simply indicating the particular values of some parameters, this tool will help you calculate an arrow fps speed. - 400 F.P.S. Keep in mind that most IBO ratings are not real-world numbers. Its only from 300 FPS and up that you get enough kinetic energy at all feasible hunting distances (up to 50 yards) to be able to comfortably hunt elk. Compare expected FPS across over 120 crossbows and decide which one to buy. All Rights Reserved. True Zero; True zero when sighting in a crossbow is the second point at which the line of sight intersects with the arrows path in the arrows trajectory arc. As the arrow travels downrange it is constantly slowing down and dropping toward the ground, the further it travels, the faster it falls to the ground. Knowing the rough speed at which your arrow will fly, you can now use our kinetic energy calculator to quickly figure out your arrow's initial kinetic energy. Let's consider the following example: you are analyzing the bow of IBO 300. One thing to remember is that while kinetic energy provides the impact of your arrow on your intended target, what it doesnt necessarily provide is information on your arrows ability to penetrate and travel through your target. Given enough time, deer would duck in preparation for a big jump. Arrow speed Value must be between 100 and 500 Feet Per Second. This should set your correct arrow speed and make the ballistics calculator work for you. Finally, enter the Additional weight on the string if this is known. Momentum: 0.111 slugs. If it doesn't, adjust your 50-yard pin until it centers on the 50-yard bullseye when you're at full draw. TenPoint today unveiled its new-for-2022 Nitro 505, the fastest crossbow in company history and one that sets a new industry standard with an advertised speed of 505 feet per second with 400-grain bolts. As you know, IBO speed is a standard measure of the speed of a bow, and by using it as a baseline for all calculations, our calculator can provide you with accurate and reliable results. The only way to find the exact speed of your specific arrow is with an arrow chronograph. Which results in easier aiming and thus, in improved precision. 2022 Bear Alaskan Right-Handed 55-70 lb Model, Arrow Weight 423 grains (Easton Axis 5mm Arrows) , Additional Weight on Bowstring 20 grains. Calculations are largely based on the Exterior Ballistics of Bows and Arrows paper. Not too long after that came the advent of the speed bow, and soon, almost every bow on the market was capable of hurling anarrowat 300 fps. The rule of thumb was that for every added inch of draw length, you increase raw arrow speed by approximately 10-15 fps. By simply indicating the particular values of some parameters, this tool will help you calculate an arrow fps speed. So to what extent the arrow velocity affects the effectiveness of this type of weapon? Bowstring weight: Adding weight to a bowstring (peep sight, string silencers, string loop) will affect raw speed, but not by much. Copyright 2023 | DRCMedia LLC | All Rights Reserved, Scout. The calculator assumes average air density and air viscosity. But it cannot. And your arrow would fly over it or hit a less desirable area, like the spine of the animal. Many bowhunters buy arrows that fit their bow, their draw weight, and their draw length; but fail to understand the unique characteristics of each arrow and the arrows ability to penetrate and kill the wild game they are hunting. Bowhunting of any kind is a short range affair and is best kept under 35 Yards. For every inch of draw length under 30, subtract 10 feet per second (fps) from the IBO-rated speed value. Mid-Range Rise; Mid-range rise when sighting in a crossbow is the highest point in the arrows trajectory between the point blank range and the true zero point. When you look at this and compare it to the table above, you can calculate what the right arrow can accomplish after you shoot it. Crossbow Kinetic Energy 200 FPS 225 FPS 250 FPS 1/3 10 20 30 40 50 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Yards travelled by arrow Kinetic Energy ( In food - pounds) Chart by Visualizer You want to know the arrow's speed when you increase both the draw length and the arrow weight. ), Toughest Game (cape buffalo, grizzly, musk ox, etc. Most professional bows use the IBO (International Bowhunting Organization) specification. Draw length: A longer draw length creates a longer power stroke than a shorter draw length, allowing the bow to store more energy. 12.8 330. If you open any online store that is selling them, you'd see that the speed of the arrows (measured in FPS or feet per second) that are launched by each listed model is their most prominent feature. What allows an arrow to ethically and effectively kill wild game is a combination of kinetic energy and momentum. Values below should be considered very close estimates of what you will experience in the field (a 2% margin of error should be assumed). This equation assumes that your bow puts the same amount of energy into each arrow. Total string accessory weights in grains (peep, tube, silencers, etc.). These are calculated as follows: Our arrow speed calculator converts the units automatically.
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