"[16][17], High-speed rail in China is officially defined as "newly-built passenger-dedicated rail lines designed for electrical multiple unit (EMU) train sets traveling at not less than 250km/h (155mph) (including lines with reserved capacity for upgrade to the 250km/h (155mph) standard) on which initial service operate at not less than 200km/h (124mph). Profit from the additional features of your individual account. [158], Overall, ridership is growing as the high-speed rail network continues to expand. [104] But in the late summer, state banks began to cut back on lending to rail construction projects, which reduced funding for existing railway projects. The new trains reduced travel time between Beijing and Shanghai by two hours to just under 10 hours. As of 2007, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang high-speed railway, which carried trains at top speed of 250km/h (155mph) along the Liaoxi Corridor in the Northeast, was the only passenger-dedicated HSR line (PDL) in China, but that would soon change as the country embarked on a high-speed railway construction boom. [210] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. It was profitable every year between 2014 and 2019, according to national railway operator China State Railway Group Co. In 2018, China Railway operated 3,970.5 pairs of passenger train service, of which 2,775 pairs were carried by EMU train sets. [209] Nevertheless, by any measure, high-speed rail ridership in China has grown rapidly with expansion of the high-speed rail network and EMU service since 2008. 2016, CRH (China Railway High-speed) express service has been launched on trial in China's 505 cities where have access to the high-speed . Because public transportation is a service provided by the government, it serves for the entire national life and economic development. Higher-speed express train service allowed more trains to share the tracks and improved rail transport capacity. [178], The Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL lost 0.8billion in its first year and is set to lose 0.9billion in 2010. [77][79][80][81][82] Several carriages derailed. In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. [100] To stimulate ridership, on August 16, 2011 ticket prices on high-speed trains were reduced by five percent. [146], According to a costbenefit analysis by the Paulson Institute, the high-speed rail network benefits the Chinese economy by $378 billion, with an annual return on investment of 6.5%. The MOR then launched the CRH1-350 (Bombardier and BST, designated as CRH380D), CRH2-350 (CSR, designated as CRH380A/AL), and CRH3-350 (CNR and Siemens, designated as CRH380B/BL & CRH380CL), to develop a new generation of CRH trains with a top operation speed of 380km/h (236mph). [158] The Zhengzhou-Xian HSR since opening in February 2010 was expected to generate revenues of 0.6billion in its first full year but must make interest payments of 1.1billion. Most of the components of the CRH trains manufactured by Chinese companies were from local suppliers, with only a few parts imported. Although both classified as high-speed rail, the Shanghai Maglev often is not counted as part of the national high-speed rail network, while XRL is fully integrated into the national network of the CRH. [12][13] However, a Paulson Institute research had estimated that the net benefit of the high-speed rail to the Chinese economy to be approximately $378 billion and an annual return on investment at 6.5%. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Number of train passengers in China 2009-2021, Passenger transport volume of highspeed railways in China 2008-2021, Share of high-speed rail network length among whole rail network in China 2014-2021, Fastest trains in the world by record speed 2022, Length of highspeed railway lines in use worldwide in 2021, by country, Length of the highspeed railway lines in operation worldwide in 2021, by country (in kilometers), High-speed train lines under construction worldwide in key countries 2022, High-speed lines under construction worldwide as of September 2022, by country (in kilometers), World's fastest trains in 2022, ranked by record speed (in kilometers per hour), Value of the largest rail infrastructure projects in the world in 2022, Value of the largest rail infrastructure projects worldwide as of February 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars), Forecast: estimated value of investment in new transport infrastructure in China 2020, Total estimated value of investment in new transport infrastructure in China 2020 (in billion yuan), Total volume of passenger transported by highspeed railways in China from 2008 to 2021 (in billions), Share of electrified railroad routes in China 2021, Degree of electrified railroad routes in China from 2005 to 2021, Length of express railways in China 2008-2021, Total length of operation network of high-speed railways in China from 2008 to 2021 (in 1,000 kilometers), Length of newly built express railways in China 2014-2021, Annual increase in the length of the operational high-speed rail network in China from 2014 to 2021 (in 1,000 kilometers), Share of China's high-speed rail operating network length in the entire railroad system from 2014 to 2021, Length of express railways by leading provinces in China 2021, Leading regions in China with high-speed rail networks exceeding 10,000 km by 2021 (in 1,000 kilometers), Number of high-speed trains in China 2013-2021, Number of high-speed trains in China from 2013 to 2021, China's high-speed train growth rate 2014-2021, Growth rate of high-speed trains in China from 2014 to 2021, Number of Fuxing Hao high-speed trainsets in China 2013-2021, Number of Fuxing Hao high-speed trainsets (standard EMU)* in China from 2013 to 2021, China: production of bullet trains by month 2020-2022, Production of bullet trains in China from February 2020 to February 2022, Cost distribution of China's Fuxing high-speed trainsets 2021, by component, Cost percentage distribution of China's Fuxing high-speed trainsets in 2021, by component, Largest high-speed railway stations in China 2020, Top 10 largest high-speed railway stations in China as of 2020, Revenue of the China State Railway Group (China Railway) 2017-2021, Revenue of the China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (China Railway) from 2017 to 2021 (in trillion yuan), Number of China State Railway Group's high-speed trains 2017-2021, Number of high-speed trains owned by China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. from 2017 to 2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) 2011-2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) in China from 2011 to 2021 (in billion yuan), Operating revenue of CRRC Cor., Ltd. 2014-2021, Operating revenue of CRRC Cor., Ltd. from 2014 to 2021 (in billion yuan), Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway: revenue 2017-2021, Revenue of Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway Co., Ltd. from 2017 to 2021 (in billion yuan), Number of passengers on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line 2016-2021, Number of passengers transported on the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed rail line from 2016 to 2021 (in millions). [133], Since 2017, with the introduction of the Fuxing series of trains, a number of lines have resumed 350km/h operations such as BeijingShanghai HSR, BeijingTianjin ICR, and ChengduChongqing ICR. Some intercity lines run parallel to other high-speed rail lines but serve more stations along the route. Even the Beijing-Shanghai line, China's most profitable high-speed rail line, reported 56.6 percent less net profit in 2021 than in 2019. High-speed ridership statistics in China are often reported as the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets, and such figures typically include passengers on EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or at service speeds below 200km/h (124mph).[19]. Despite unmatched advantage in speed, the maglev has not gained widespread use in China's high-speed rail network due to high cost, German refusal to share technology and concerns about safety. Public Transportation & Mobility Services, Intercity rail services in the United States, Get the best reports to understand your industry, World Rail Market Study - Executive Summary 2020. [178] In September 2010, daily ridership averaged 69,000 or an annual rate of 25.2million. [143] However, the rail staff productivity upon railway track infrastructure index in China is less than 0.05, being the lowest among the countries with significant railway construction. Many users want proof that high-speed rail can be a profitable, efficient job generator to help raise the sagging U.S. economy when compared with other types of transportation. [110] Over the course of the year, the MOR's budget rose from $64.3 billion to $96.5 billion. [11], Many of the Passenger Designated Lines use ballastless tracks, which allow for smoother train rides at high speeds and can withstand heavy use without warping. In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of 200km/h (124mph) on the upgraded BeijingShanghai Railway. They are built with the approval of the central government but are financed and operated largely by local governments with limited investment and oversight from the China Rail Corporation. The World Bank estimated in 2019 that currently, the average cost of the Chinese high-speed rail network was from 17 to 21 million dollars per km, which is one third less than the cost of most of Western countries. [38] However, Chinese citizens angry with Japan's denial of World War II war crimes organized a web campaign to oppose the awarding of HSR contracts to Japanese companies. According to Xinhua News Agency, the aggregate results of the six Speed Up Campaigns were: boosting passenger train speed on 22,000km (14,000mi) of tracks to 120km/h (75mph), on 14,000km (8,700mi) of tracks to 160km/h (99mph), on 2,876km (1,787mi) of tracks to 200km/h (124mph) and on 846km (526mi) of tracks to 250km/h (155mph). [138], The safety issue that drew the attention of the public and the government was the Wenzhou train collision which happened on July 23, 2011, in which 40 people died, 172 were injured, and 54 related officials blamed and punished. More than 110,000 tourists from mainland China left Hong Kong on the first day . Instead, a conventional subway line was built to connect the two airports, and a conventional high-speed rail line was built between Shanghai and Hangzhou. IPO for China's most profitable high-speed train State to sell 15% of Beijing to Shanghai line to help fund less profitable rail services by KG Chan October 29, 2019 A bullet train departs Shanghai's Hongqiao Station. This text provides general information. [citation needed]. The CRH380 series(or family) of trains was initially built with direct cooperation (or help) from foreign trainmakers, but newer trainsets are based on transferred technology, just like the Hexie and Fuxing Hao. [87][88] Quality and safety concerns also affected plans to export cheaper high-speed train technology to other countries. [102] New projects were put on hold and completion dates for existing projects, including the Tianjin-Baoding, Harbin-Jiamusi, Zhengzhou-Xuzhou and Hainan Ring (West), were pushed back. Large construction debt-loads require significant revenues from rider fares, subsidies, and/or other sources of income, such as advertising, to repay. August 18, 2020. The line was electrified in 1998, and Swedish-made X 2000 trains increased service speed to 200km/h (124mph). [40] These trains, designated CRH1A, were delivered in 2006. China's high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai served 130 million people last year, and a shareholder says it made a net profit of $1 billion--its first since opening in 2011. However, these patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. Accessed May 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218788/china-profitability-of-high-sped-railway-by-route/, Bloomberg. A notable example is the GuangzhouShenzhen railway, which in December 1994 became the first line in China to offer sub-high-speed service of 160km/h (99mph) using domestically produced DF-class diesel locomotives. [131], In 2016, with the near completion of the National 4+4 grid, a new "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network" Plan was drafted. And almost lines along Eastern coast are busy and profitable. Several HSR lines planned and built as a regional high-speed railway under the 2008 Revisions have since been incorporated into the 8+8 national grid. won an order for 40 eight-car train sets based on Bombardier's Regina design. The line supports commercial train service at speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph), and has become a segment of the rail corridor between Beijing and Northeast China. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Certain mixed use freight and passenger rail lines, that can be upgraded for train speeds of 250km/h (155mph), with current passenger service of at least 200km/h (124mph), are also considered high-speed rail.[18]. [209] This EMU passenger figure includes ridership from certain D- and C-class trains that are technically not within the definition of high-speed rail in China, as well as ridership from EMU train sets serving routes on conventional track or routes that combine high-speed track and conventional track. According to the filing, published by the China Securities Regulatory Commission on Friday, Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway, which operates the 1,300km (807 mile) line, booked a net profit of . [47] Kawasaki challenged China's high-speed rail project for patent theft, but backed off the effort.[48]. China has the world's only commercial maglev high-speed train line in operation. [144] In addition, it is hard to identify problems in the construction process, given the distribution resource planning system needed for rapid railway building and assembling. At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. ", "China's fastest high speed train 380A rolls off production line", "High-speed rail broadens range of options for China's New Year travel", "China finds 187 mln yuan embezzled from Beijing-Shanghai railway project", "Chinese rail crash scandal: 'official steals $2.8 billion', "China acts on high-speed rail safety fears", "China slows down showcase bullet trains", "World's longest high-speed train to decelerate a bit", "The Backlash Is Brewing Against Chinese High-Speed Rail: Here's Why It's In Trouble", "Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway to run trials", "China not slowing high-speed rail construction", "Railway cuts bullet trains from schedule | Sunday Digest", "Train Wreck in China Heightens Unease on Safety Standards", "Crash raises doubts about China's fast rail plans", "Chinese bullet trains recalled in wake of fatal crash | World news", "Five Days Later, Chinese Concede Design Flaw Had Role in Wreck", "Un error en las seales caus el choque de trenes chinos", "La signalisation mise en cause dans l'accident du Pkin-Shangha", "La scurit des TGV chinois de plus en plus conteste", "First fatal crash on Chinese high speed line", "China train crash: Signal design flaw blamed", "China train crash kills 32 The Observer", "Outrage at Wenzhou disaster pushes China to suspend bullet train project", "China's High-Speed Rail Accident 'Struck a Nerve' | The Rundown News Blog", "China crashes into a middle class revolt", "China steps up train safety amid anger after cras", "China freezes new railway projects after high-speed train crash", "China train crash: Design flaws to blame safety chief", "China suspends new high speed rail plans", "Decision to slow trains met with mixed response|Nation|chinadaily.com.cn", "More high-speed trains slow down to improve safety|Society|chinadaily.com.cn", "CapitalVue News: China Cuts Ticket Price Of High Speed Rail", "China's high speed rail projects on hold due to cash crunch", Simon Rabinovitch, Chinas high-speed rail gets back on track Financial Times, "World's longest high-speed rail line makes debut", "China High Speed Train Development and Investment", "Sound financials recharge China's fast trains", "Bullet trains trigger profit growth for railways", "China's high-speed rail still reporting staggering losses", "China's railways mileage tops 100,000 km", "Chinese Trainmakers To Merge And Form Export Powerhouse", "China's Busiest High-Speed Rail Line Makes a Fast Buck", "China's high-speed rail lines top 37,900 at end of 2020 Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China to Expand High-Speed Rail Network to 50,000 Kilometers by 2025", "Despite a Deadly Crash, Rail System Has Good Safety Record", "Railway Efficiency An Overview and a Look at Opportunities for Improvement", "What is rail efficiency and how can it be changed? The trains G403/404 and G405/406 for the Beijing West (Beijingxi) - Kunming South (Kunmingnan) service (distance 2,760km (1,710mi), travel time about 10 1/2 hours), which began service on January 1, 2017, became the longest high-speed rail service in the world. In, Bloomberg. [37] The State Council turned to advanced technology abroad but made clear in directives that China's HSR expansion could not only benefit foreign economies and should also be used to develop its own high-speed train building capacity through technology transfers. [54] The envisioned network, together with upgraded existing lines, would total 12,000km (7,456mi) in length. Top speed of 220 mph with some routes running as high as 250 mph. Photo . According to the "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network Plan" (revised in 2008), the MOR plans to build over 40,000km (25,000mi) of railway in order to expand the railway network in western China and to fill gaps in the networks of eastern and central China. Later, we began to independently develop high-speed CRH trains with a maximum velocity of 300350 kilometers per hour, which eventually rolled off the production line in December 2007. On April 19, 2008, HefeiNanjing PDL in the East opened with a top-speed of 250km/h (155mph). High-speed rail in China. [121] The number of high-speed train sets in operation grew from 1,277 pairs in June to 1,556.5 pairs in December. [219] China is also competing with Japan, Germany, South Korea, Spain, France and Italy to bid for California's high-speed rail line project, which would connect San Francisco and Los Angeles. Supports energy independence and environmental sustainability. 'Rejuvenation') that based on indigenous technologies. Policy planners debated the necessity and economic viability of high-speed rail service. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). "Michael Forsythe "Letter from China: Is China's Economy Speeding Off the Rails? The CRH380A/AL, the first indigenous high-speed train of the CRH series, entered service on the Shanghai-Hangzhou High-Speed Railway on October 26, 2010. It opened for operations in March 2004, and transports passengers between Shanghai's Longyang Road station and Shanghai Pudong International Airport. [187][53], The spread of high-speed rail has forced domestic airlines in China to slash airfare and cancel regional flights. These are also considered high-speed rail though they are not part of the national HSR grid or Intercity High Speed Rail. There have been numerous attempts to extend the line without success. To date, China owns the largest HSR system in the world, with a total operating high-speed rail network of 40,000 kilometers in 2021. [18], Thus, high-speed rail service in China requires high-speed EMU train sets to be providing passenger service on high speed rail lines at speeds of not less than 200km/h (124mph). Meanwhile, the United States has just . [135] In 2025, the HSR network will reach a total lenght of 50.000km and will grow further.[136]. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, China's investment in intercity high-speed rail and rail transit. The transferred technology includes assembly, body, bogie, traction current transforming, traction transformers, traction motors, traction control, brake systems, and train control networks. [180] Others warn that the financing side of the existing construction and operation model is unsustainable. This is China High Speed Rail! . Mainland tourists said the high hotel prices and the fully resumed cross-border high-speed rail were factors in . Show publisher information "[18] EMU train sets have no more than 16railcars with axle load not greater than 17tonnes and service interval of not less than threeminutes. [39] The MOR delayed the decision, broadened the bidding and adopted a diversified approach to adopting foreign high-speed train technology. Some of the Hexie Hao train sets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. [20] The steam-powered train, which ran on the South Manchuria Railway from Dalian to Xinjing (Changchun), had a top commercial speed of 110km/h (68mph) and a test speed of 130km/h (81mph). ", Bloomberg, Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218788/china-profitability-of-high-sped-railway-by-route/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed [Graph], Bloomberg, August 18, 2020. The GuiyangGuangzhou high-speed railway and LanzhouXinjiang high-speed railway are both suffering from high maintenance cost due to harsh climate conditions and complicated terrain structure. According to a World Bank paper published last week, China's high-speed rail so far has cost between $17m and $21m per kilometre, even though it has a high ratio of big-ticket viaducts and tunnels. | Pedestrian Observations", National Development and Reform Commission 2016, "30,000-kilometer high-speed railway to cover 80% of urban areas by 2020", "No timetable yet for Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line: official", "Beijing's first maglev line resumes construction", "All Existing and U/C Maglev Lines in 2020", "High-speed rail construction not suspended People's Daily Online", "China Railway sets out 2017 targets International Railway Journal", "China Exclusive: Five bln trips made on China's bullet trains", "China's railways report 3.57b passenger trips in 2019", "Total volume of passenger transported by highspeed railways in China from 2008 to 2021", "Train Makers Rail Against China's High-Speed Designs", "China Rail Chief's Firing Hints at Trouble", "High-Speed Trains in China to Run Slower, Ministry Says", "Full steam ahead for high-speed rail patents overseas", "Chinese firm launches R&D on 600 km/h maglev train", "China Is Eager to Bring High-Speed Rail Expertise to the U.S.", "Indonesia's Handling of High-speed Train Project Adds to Business Confusion, Mixed Messages to Japan, China Come as Indonesia courts foreign investors", "Siemens joins China bid for Saudi Haramain project", "GE and China MOR Sign Strategic MOU to Advance High-Speed Rail Opportunities in the U.S.", Chinese Firm Constructs High-Speed Railway in Turkey, "China to Design New Russian High-Speed Railway", "Shanghai Maglev Train (431 km/h) - High Definition Video", "China restores bullet train speed to 350 km/h Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China begins to restore 350 kmh bullet train Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China powers ahead as new entrants clock in", "China launches longest high-speed train service" China Daily, National Development and Reform Commission, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_China&oldid=1152594619, Stimulates the economy in the short term as HSR construction creates jobs and drives up demand for construction, steel and cement industries during the economic downturn. [55][72] In June 1998, at a State Council meeting with the Chinese Academies of Sciences and Engineering, Premier Zhu Rongji asked whether the high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai still being planned could use maglev technology. In mid 2015, China has signed up to design a high-speed railway between the Russian cities of Moscow and Kazan, one of the first concrete examples of the new business with China that Russian officials have been pursuing with renewed vigor since falling out with the West. [4] China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. Annual car sales worldwide 2010-2022, with a forecast for 2023, Battery electric vehicles in use worldwide 2016-2021, Annual gas prices in the United States 1990-2021, Automotive industry worldwide - statistics & facts, Motorcycle industry in the United States - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. [76][77][78] The accident occurred when one train traveling near Wenzhou was struck by lightning, lost power and stalled. For foreign train-makers, technology transfer is an important part of gaining market access in China. China's flagship high-speed rail project in Indonesia is expected to become profitable 40 years after completion - not 20 as earlier projected - partly because plans to shift the capital to . [156] In an analysis conducted in 2019, only five out of fifteen high speed railway lines with travel speeds reaching 350 kilometers per hour, were able to cover all costs that included both the operating and capital costs.[157]. [dead link][58] The MOR reportedly committed investment of 709.1billion (US$107.9billion) in railway construction in 2010 and would invest 700billion (US$106billion) in 2011 on 70 railway projects, including 15 high-speed rail projects. [178] In its first year of operation from August 1, 2008, to July 31, 2009, the line carried 18.7million riders and generated 1.1billion in revenues, which resulted in a loss of 0.7billion. [111] The BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai and ShanghaiHangzhou lines reported breaking even financially[114][115][116][117] The Shanghai-Nanjing line even reported to be operationally profitable,[116] operating with a 380 million yuan net profit. [55][56], By January 2011, China had the world's longest high-speed rail network with about 8,358km (5,193mi)[57] of routes capable for at least 200km/h (124mph) running in service including 2,197km (1,365mi) of rail lines with top speeds of 350km/h (217mph). CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. [54] Most of the lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger traffic only. [62], After the political shake-up, concerns about HSR safety, high ticket prices, financial sustainability and environmental impact received greater scrutiny in the Chinese press. China's busiest high-speed rail line handles 1.35 billion passengers in 10 years. [101] From July to September, high-speed rail ridership in China fell by nearly 30 million to 151 million trips. A planned launch of the maglev train was set for 2025. Most of China's hsr lines are actually quite busy. In 2018, annual ridership on EMU train sets, which encompasses officially defined high-speed rail service as well as certain sub-high-speed service routes, accounted for about two-thirds of all regional rail trips (not including urban trains) in China.
