Motor voters success in increasing the ranks of registered voters differs by state depending on how well the program is publicized and executed. Lawless and Fox (2001) pointed out that Low-income people refuse to vote because they have no incentive to do that. Also, the ratio of women's political participation is low. Moreover, it was noted that the number of students with family income (more than 700 dinars) was at the total number of (219) including (164) participated in the voting with (88.6 per cent) in the same category. They make use of new communications technologies to organize protests by forming groups on the Internet. Participation in the 2008 presidential election was greater than usual, as people were motivated by the open race and the candidate choices. Over time, residency requirements were relaxed. Today, students demonstrate to draw attention to causes. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, (2018), Youth political engagement in Australia and the United States: student councils and volunteer organizations as communities of practice, Journal of Social Science Education, Vol. Based on the above: Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Palmer and Simon (2008) indicated that the difference in family income affected political participation. Midterm elections, in which members of Congress run for office in nonpresidential-election years, normally draw about one-third of eligible voters (Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993). The main reason for voting in the elections according to age was practicing the constitutional right. with (45.1 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23) and (24.8 per cent) for the age group (23 less than 30). Nahar, G.S. About half the population takes part in national and community political affairs by joining an interest group, issue-based organization, civic organization, or political party. Political Participation: 9 Factors influencing Political For example, running for mayor of New York City requires 7,500 signatures and addresses on a petition. Measuring gender differences in political knowledge. It included respecting of human rights, popular participating in political life, etc. Racial tensions sparked by a video of police beating Rodney King in 1991 and the subsequent acquittal of the officers at trial resulted in the worst riots ever experienced in Los Angeles. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press Re-Interview Poll, Nov, 2008, Poll Database, http://people-press.org/questions/?qid=1720790&pid=51&ccid=51#top. 4, pp. Turnout in states that have Election Day registration averages ten points higher than in the rest of the country (Wolfinger & Rosenstone, 1980). Third: The more the family income varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the high-income students, as there were differences in the voting ratio in the elections according to the level of family income. There are many ways to advocate for a cause. Understanding the Voters Behavior as an Effort to Increase Factors Affecting Much is made about low levels of voter turnout for presidential elections in the current era. Almost 70 percent of high school students and young adults aged eighteen to thirty report that they have been involved in community activities (Peter D. Hart Research Associates, 1998). Lawless, J.L. 6-18. Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian universities These universities do not represent all segments of Jordanian society. It sets limits on poll expenses. The reasons of the low voting ratio of female students in Jordan was due to the fact that they didn't see a tangible role for elected councils within society in addition, tribal, social economic constraints as they didn't feel equal to males in education and employment. Posted 6 months ago. The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. In addition, unemployment high rate of female makes them reluctant to vote in elections (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 574). Mohammad Soud Alelaimat can be contacted at: https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. Moreover, The Constitution guarantees appointment in government institutions with integrity (Article 23). Students advertised campus election events on social media sites, such as candidate rallies and voter registration drives, which drew large crowds. WebAttitudinal Factors. Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian Voter registration and turnout is influenced by legal and structural factors, voter qualifications, the type of election, and voters enthusiasm about a particular campaign. 118-133. Turnout was lower in the 1980s and 1990s, when the political climate was less tumultuous. The study relied on a purposive sample of 900 students, 300 students per university (150 males and 150 females). The reason for not choosing private universities was that they were limited to high-income students. Lipsky, M., Protest as a Political Resource, American Political Science Review, December 1968, 1145. Although all changes and amendments in Jordan, there was a reluctance of young people, particularly the university students to vote in the national and local elections (Al-Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). Why are certain demographic groups more likely to align with the Democratic or Republican Party? University. Factors Affecting When we define political behaviour in such broad terms as any form of (individual or collective) involvement in the political process, or any activity which has political consequences in relation to government and policy, then naturally both legitimate forms of political participation (such as voting in elections, activism in interest groups, or social movements) and illegitimate political activities (including terrorism, revolutions and coups detat) come under its purview. Voter turnout is a mix of two factors: Internal (motivation, eagerness, knowledge) and External (eligibility, mobilization, voter suppression). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Direct link to 07amclain's post It says that blue collare, Posted 3 years ago. Lawless and Fox (2001) and Cohen and Dawson (1993) linked between income levels (wealth, social well-being, money and economic development) and political participation. Putnam, R. D., Bowling Alone: Americas Declining Social Capital (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000). Political scientists measure how US political behavior, attitudes, and ideologies are shaped by a number of factors over time. Homana, G.A. 46 No. Plagiarism Prevention 4. The scope and the outcome of voting is very broad affecting all the members of a society. Campaign activities 9. Economic modernization affects political participation through socio-economic status. This was consistent with the studies of Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Palmer and Simon (2008) that emphasized that the difference in regions, districts and regional affiliation affected voting in elections. Despite the scope of leadership, Pentecostal church leaders show less propensity of political participation for unknown reasons, especially in African countries. Moreover, there was a family income gap in voting in national and local elections as low-income female students voting was low. The pool of eligible voters has expanded from primarily white, male property owners at the founding to include black men after the Civil War, women after 1920, and eighteen- to twenty-year-olds after 1971. Webinterest group. - University of Minnesota As well as, there was a regional affiliation gap in voting in national and local elections, as non-Jordanians (Palestinian) voting was low. Socialization is the mechanism by which people become aware about the issues and ideology and come to identify with a particular political party. Although all these amendments, the political participation of Jordanian university students is still poor. However,thereareotherswho In addition, they did not get high quality public services. elections, according to the decision in Citizens United v. Generally, about 15 percent of Americans participate in these types of campaign activities in an election year (Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1995). AP US Gov Unit 5 Overview: Political Participation | Fiveable In other There are varieties of ways in which people can participate in the political processes of a society. Other forms of protest behavior include marking public spaces with graffiti, demonstrating, and boycotting. Moreover, those with wealth and a high level of well-being within society were the most participants in voting and in practicing political activities. The study concluded that, Although the democratic transition and the subsequent constitutional and legal amendments in Jordan, which gave women equal rights with men, and allowing engagement in political parties and civil activities, there was a gap in the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections due to some demographic factors (gender and age), economic factors (family income) and some social factors (regional affiliation). (2013), What does political mean to you?, Political Behavior, Vol. and policies? - International Republican Institute Voting 8. Webare political factors which lead to marginalize students participating in the political sphere. Closing voting rosters weeks or months in advance of elections effectively disenfranchised voters. and Fox, R.L. The more the family income varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. Psychological or cognitive traits:. Second: The more the age varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. What would happen if both parents had two different political ideologies for example- MOM- Democrat and Dad - Republican? Among the major findings of the study are high political apathy; and "voting" as the most popular form of political participation among the people and "free, fair and RTV registered over 2 million new voters in 1992, 80 percent of whom cast a ballot, and signed up over 2.5 million voters in 2008. Unit 5 - Political Participation (AP GOV Urbanization as the first stage of the modernization process tends to raise literacy; increased literacy tends to increase the media exposure; and increasing media exposure facilitates wider political participation. Flanigan, W. H. and Nancy H. Zingale, Political Behavior of the American Electorate, 9th ed. 16, pp. (Nahar, 2012, p. 122). Moreover, women believe that they do not have the ability to make political change, and their participating would make no change in the society. According to conventional wisdom, education is supposed to increases civic skills and political knowledge that functions as the causal mechanisms triggering Koch, J.W. People can blog or participate in discussion groups related to an election. The study population contained three Jordanian universities. 3 No. Members of social movements may resort to rioting when they perceive that there are no conventional alternatives for getting their message across. 3, pp. Before publishing your articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. The commission prepare electoral rolls and update the voters list from time to time. 299-310. If so, you are taking part in civil society, the community of individuals who volunteer and work cooperatively outside of formal governmental institutions (Eberly, 1998). personality People can work in an election campaign, contact public officials, circulate a petition, join a political organization, and donate money to a candidate or a cause. Some of them. 4, pp. The total number of students in the three universities was (177,516) students. Based on the above, the present study examines the impact of (gender, age, family income, and regional affiliation) on the voting of the university student in elections, because of the reluctance of Jordanian university students to vote in elections. TOS 7. Factors This problem gained attention during the 2000 election. In addition to strengthening the participation of young people, especially university students participating in voting and community participation (Jordanian constitution, articles 6, 16, 17, 18, and the election law No. 2. In addition to traditional forms of campaign activity, like attending campaign rallies and displaying yard signs, the Internet provided a gateway to involvement for 55 percent of Americans (Owen, 2009). Members may engage in lobbying efforts and take part in demonstrations to publicize their concerns. Social environment includes elements like education, occupation, income, age sex, race, caste, ethnicity, mobility and habitation. Beginning in the 1980s, some states, including Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, made it possible for people to register on Election Day. 7, No. The more educated are better able to transmit their political interest and knowledge to their children and to the people of their neighbourhood. It can be concluded that: The more the family income varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the high-income students. In addition, the voting of the students' category (Palestinians) was low. 1, pp. Youth political engagement in Australia and the United States: student councils and volunteer organizations as communities of practice, Studying oil, islam, and women as if political institutions mattered, Womens engagement in politics in the year of the woman, Politics of presence: women in the house and symbolic representation, Political participation of the urban poor, The impact of country characteristics on civic knowledge and political participation, Politikon: Iapss Journal of Political Science, The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, The factors affecting the women political participations in Jordanian parliamentary elections (2003-2013), Increasing womens political participation: the role of women-friendly districts, Gender differences in political participation: comparing street demonstrators in Sweden and the United Kingdom, Economic inequality and democratic political engagement, Youth and Political Parties in Jordan, Amman, Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement, No Easy Choose: Political Participation in Developing Countries. 286-302. (1997), Womens engagement in politics in the year of the woman, American Politics Quarterly, Vol. Brady et al. Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here? The voting rate in the category (23 less than 30) was high. The reasons for the low voting ratio of less than 500 dinars category in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. Viewing the entire tape, one would have seen a belligerent and violent Rodney King who was difficult for police to constrain. Moreover, the voting ratio of the family income group (less than 500 dinars) was low; it was problematic because this group covered the majority of university students. The survey was conducted on the students of the three Jordanian universities (Jordan, Al-Al Bayt, and Mu'tah), to identify the impact of gender, age, family income and regional affiliation on the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections: Table I shows the results of the analysis of the public universities students views on voting in national and local elections according to the gender. Also, It was noted that the number of students with family income (500 less than 700 dinars) was the total number of (185) including (171) participated in the voting with (92.4 per cent) in the same category. In addition, they did not have Political orientation, and they did not care about party or civil society activities. This was consistent with the studies of Brady et al. Direct link to veighn.dangerfield's post depends on the situation , Posted 5 months ago. 1, pp. The Factors Webfactors affecting participation in politics be citizens reactions to government policies and specically whether those policies are consonant with their pre-ferences? (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1999). An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. Jurors were shown the entire tape, not just the famous nineteen-second clip. Another study asserted that there is a reluctance from young people to participate in voting, joining political parties and contributing to political campaigns (Homana, 2018, p. 40). Opinions are divided on this issue. The results showed the following: First: The more the gender varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of male students as there was a gender gap between the voting of male and female students in the national and local elections. They can create and post videos on behalf of or opposed to candidates. Voters in midterm elections choose all the members of the US House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate, along with office holders at the state and local levels. In the light of the democratization, especially in many developing countries, political participation forms expanded and diversified to include voting, participating in the campaigns, community participation and expression of opinion in society related issues (Childs, 2004, p. 422). Afterward, law No. It is a term applied to various types of activities ranging from political orientations, attitude, knowledge, interest in politics, identification with a political unit (political party or its any wing) to taking active part in political action such as rally, demonstration, strike or campaigning for voting in elections. The original and the edited tape tell two different stories of the same event. Political participation is normally associated with the modern form of democracy. Tingkat Pengetahuan. 4, pp. WebFactors Influencing Political Participation: 1. Organizations conducting voter registration drives register as many voters as government voter registration sites. After Arab Spring revolutions had broken out in the late 2010s, peaceful demonstrations and protests began in Jordan. 2, pp. Thus, there was a difference in the ratio of voting of Jordanian public universities students in the national and local elections according to the age group. Homana (2018), Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Solt (2008), Atkeson (2003), Lawless and Fox (2001), Koch (1997), Brady et al. What are the major factors that affect beliefs? Activities like voting, campaigning, etc., are some of the important modes of participation. 27 No. Meanwhile, the political participation of youth, particularly in developing countries, plays a vital role in bringing political change. The "family", one The ratio of voting within the category (Palestinians) was low. Not filmed at all was an intoxicated King driving erratically, leading police on an eight-mile, high-speed chase through crowded streets. Property damage was in the millions of dollars. Modernization not only tends to increase class-based participation but also decrease communal-based participation. Policy, Preferences, and Participation: Government's Impact It provides citizens a sense of dignity and value, alerts both the rulers and the ruled to their duties and responsibilities and facilitates broader political understanding. CBS News Report on the Rodney King Incident. The outcome of such a participation results in collective gain. of relevant theory and empirical research that provide insight related to the factors that cause voting behavior and their relations. 1, pp. Gender and Political Participation, The Political Quarterly Publishing, Oxford. Seventeen percent of Americans contacted a public official in 1976. They work for political parties or candidates, organize campaign events, and discuss issues with family and friends. 8.1 What Is Political Participation? - University of Minnesota political Tillian, O. Globalization has influenced American politics by increasing the extent to which the United States influences, and is influenced by, the values of other countries. In the USA, the participation of the youth in elections is very low. They can post their views on blogs and energize their supporters using Facebook groups that provide information about how to get involved. Education, gender, occupation, family, etc. Report a Violation, Political Parties: The Functions and Role of Political Parties in Political Process, Lapses in Political Modernization: (6 Challenges), Voting Behaviour: Various Approaches and Determinants of Voting Behaviour. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that male students were the most Jordanian university students voting in the elections with (66.2 per cent). Solt (2008) and Brady et al. Wolfinger, R. E. and Steven J. Rosenstone, Who Votes? Prohibited Content 3. Psychological or cognitive traits 2. As there are differences in voter turnout ratio according to age groups, the voting ratio in the age group (23 less than 18years old) was low. Fifty-four people were killed and two thousand were wounded. It gives recognition to the national parties, state parties and regional parties. 94-99. 53 No. Taking part in the political processes which lead to the selection of political leaders or determine or influence public policy is generally known as political participation. More voters were mobilized during this period of political upheaval in which people focused on issues of race relations, social welfare, and the Vietnam War (Piven & Cloward, 2000). (6) of 2016, articles 3 and 8). Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. (PDF) Factors influencing women political participation: The case What do you think is the best way for you to advance those causes? Some studies concluded that the difference in age between individuals affects political participation as the ratio of political participation between young and older people is high (Pyeatt and Yanus, 2018, p. 189). Participation gives an opportunity to express ones own point of view and secure the greatest good for the greatest number. With so many elections, people can become overwhelmed, confused, or just plain tired of voting. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that the number of students with family income (500 dinars) was of a total number of (484) including (233) participated in the voting with (48.1 per cent) in the same category. The research analysis reveals that, lack of political knowledge and adequate education, youth political interest and apathy, economy, socio-centrism attitude and familys pressure, fear, partisan attachment and the incumbent government performances, age and the existing institutional structures of Democracy are the major factors affecting the Citizens can show their unhappiness with leadership choices by the symbolic act of not voting. 35 No. Also, some social factors such as tribal affiliation affects students voting. Methodology Lawless (2004), Atkeson (2003), and Koch (1997) emphasized on the impact of gender on political participation. For example, refugees in any country, who are granted the right to vote in elections, while they are suffering from the shortage of basic services, they would feel discontent and in turn they would disregard voting in the elections. American Government and Politics in the Information Age by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Direct link to bhuiadna78's post What would happen if both, Posted a month ago. What are the ways in which Americans participate in politics? Jordanian Elections Law No. It not only stimulates political learning but also makes citizens responsible. Milbrath, op. Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), Young Voters in the 2010 Elections, http://www.civicyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/2010-Exit-Poll-FS-Nov-17-Update.pdf. The more the gender varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of males students. WebIn particular, the level of criminal violence greatly impacts 1) citizens decision to participate politi- cally, 2) their forms of participation, and 3) the logic of their vote choice. Interest groups influencing policymaking: lesson overview - Khan 8 No. A positive side effect of fundraising campaigns is that people are made aware of candidates and issues through appeals for money (Jacobson, 1997). Also,somesocialfactorssuchastribalaffiliationaffectsstudentsvoting.Basedontheabove: The Jordanian Constitution included a number of articles that emphasize the equal rights and duties of women (Article 6) and the freedom of women to express their opinions, to engage in civil society, and their freedom to join parties (Article 15, 16, 17). The nine factors influencing political participation are as follows: 1. Some political activities, such as boycotts and protest movements, involve many people working together to attract the attention of public officials. Through this leaders can increase their influence over the citizens and the voter turnout. For example, political participation includes 81-99. (8) of 1974 was issued to change the political life for Jordanian women. Direct mail and e-mail solicitations make fundraising easier, especially when donors can contribute through candidate and political-party websites. In addition, political participation required some resources, such as money to support the candidates (Lawless and Fox, 2001, p. 362). These amendments aimed at increasing the ratio of women's representation and voting, by granting equal rights for women to vote and run in elections, such as a quota in Parliament. While one of the studies atrributed it to the negative perception of women regarding their role in leadership positions, their low self-confidence and lack of their equal rights with men (Dababneh, 2012, p. 215).
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