The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The change in direction when the ball reaches the ground causes a momentary acceleration as seen in the acceleration graph (as acceleration). This is impossible. What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? WebA) If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen. These stages can also be represented graphically using three plots including a displacement, velocity, and acceleration vs time graph. On a molecular level, the rubber is made from long chains of polymers. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. This is Newtons Third Law of Motion- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. ", " My husband and son came with me for the tour. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. Possible sources of error include several types of measurement errors. You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. Drop a ball from 1 foot off of the floor, slightly in front of a yardstick. Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). What type of ball bounces the highest B) If I heat up a tennis ball it will bounce high. If you are new in doing science project, click on How to Start in the main page. While a value of 1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision, a value of 0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. Balls Bouncing Off of Surfaces Controlled: - Same ball. If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. WebHave them list all the variables they think will affect ball bounce. A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. ThatQuiz These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. However, they only stretch for an instant before atomic interaction forces them back into their original, tangled shape and the ball shoots upward. Research questions pose a question about the Our dependent variable was. At the point of maximum height, the ball momentarily has zero velocity, and the direction of velocity is changing from positive to negative. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. So once you know how to calculate KE and GPE, it is simple to calculate their sum, E. KE of a dropped ball changes as it falls. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it on a hard concrete surface. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the air pressure inside the ball. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. This is a sample on how to write the results, conclusion and make charts. Our dependent variable was. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. D) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. WebPhysics Lab 1 - Bouncing Ball - Hardik December 2019 PDF Bookmark This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. In this experiment there are FOUR VARIABLES. When raw data gets processed mathematically, for example, it becomes results. It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. WebVariables. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. it seems the ball is experiencing an oscillatory motion. Hypothesis. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. Writing Quality. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated This produces a different amount of response in the system. A single experiment may contain many control variables. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the release height. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. Also it will affect its bouncing properties. Without a control you cannot be sure that changing the variable causes your observations. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. 3. A control is the variable that is not changed in the experiment. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. What is the dependent variable in the bouncing ball experiment? At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.8. When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. \[S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha(1-r^{\infty})}{1-r} = \frac{\alpha(1-0)}{1-r} \qquad S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha}{1-r}\]. h1 = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. If possible, have a scientist review the procedure with you. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. My hypothesis is based on my observation of balls that are not well inflated. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. Free Bouncing Ball Experiment Essays and Papers | 123 Help Me It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. No balls will be allowed to roll around upon the floor creating possible tripping hazards, Safety spectacles will be worn at all times, Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. Control Variables: Definition, Uses & Examples - Statistics By Jim The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. This means that we can approximately calculate the amount of energy that the ball conserves as it hits the floor and therefore the height to which it will bounce for any given height in a vacuum. The acceleration on the ball is the acceleration of gravity, which acts downwards on the ball. Its 100% free. At 3ft, the basketball bounced 20 inches, the tennis ball bounced. WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. Following are some sample information that you may find: Everyone has played with balls that bounce, but few people truly understand the physics behind a bouncing ball. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. A bouncing ball is an example of oscillatory motion as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position. Sign up to highlight and take notes. The Effect of Dropping a Bouncy Ball from Different Heights on Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. Ball_Bounce - West Virginia University Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. Keep track of where you got your information from. Controlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). Data table 2 indicates that on average tennis ball bounced to a lower height than it was dropped from. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. Newton's third law states that every force or action has an equal and opposite reaction. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). While these variables are not the The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of, it follows the gradient of the graph change in h. . The terminal speed is the maximum speed reached when an object is dropped from a great height. - Height at which the How well a ball bounces deals with its coefficient of restitution. So, we equate the potential energy and the kinetic energy. A) scientific method. Many questions are related. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. The variation between results was obtained by taking the minimum result away from the maximum result. The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. It is always good to have an explanation for choosing any hypothesis. In this experiment you will test the bounce of a dropped ball for different surface hardness. WebControlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball Is a bouncing ball a simple harmonic motion? Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. There you will find helpful links that describe different types of science projects, scientific method, variables, hypothesis, graph, abstract and all other general basics that you need to know. Grammar mistakes. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? The force that is received by the ball from the ground from the collision causes it to rebound, which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. We also noted after we finished the experiment that the student taking measurements sometimes stood above the height when taking the measurement and sometimes kneeled on the floor so they had a different angle on the meter stick, which may have affected the measurement. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. In this experiment you will drop a ball on a hard surface such as table and record the sounds it makes when it bounces using a computer and any sound recorder program. We felt the magic immediately. A control variable is any factor that is controlled or held constant during an experiment. The format you use to write your bibliography may look like this: Are you ready for more advanced ball drop projects? It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. Several smooth hard flat horizontal surfaces suitable for bouncing ballsfloors, lab tables, sidewalks, and the like. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) As the ball is falling toward the ground its Kinetic Energy is increasing because its speed is increasing. However, the tennis ball we used may be a very old one, and to definitely prove that our hypothesis is wrong for most tennis balls we would need to repeat the experiment with many different tennis balls. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. This causes the amplitude of the height to reduce over time and eventually come to a stop due to friction forces like air resistance, which are assumed to be zero in an ideal scenario. These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). This is impossible. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. Repeat your tests 9 more times and each time lower the release height for 6 inches. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. Using the graph above, we can find the displacement by using the area under the graph, which is equal to the displacement. Therefore the ball goes higher. Dependent: - Height at which the tennis ball bounces. The three trials at each height are then averaged, and the average bounce height is graphed versus the drop height. Calculating the coefficient to restitution of ball hitting the floor: The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of h1against h2. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. It is also known as a constant variable or simply as a "control." The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. This coefficient of restitution, e, is actually the ratio of the velocity of recession (upwards after the bounce) to the velocity of approach (downward before the bounce). Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. For example this is a sample explanation. Specifically, you are tasked to determine: B.) This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. Several new questions may have occurred to you while doing experiments. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. This was when the ball was falling in air. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Tape the ruler to the wall. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. This calculation is shown in the data analysis section above. WebOn the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. For testing air pressure you will need one ball that is inflatable such as a basketball ball. The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. WebLearn how to identify types of variables in a simple experiment with bouncing balls. The formula for kinetic energy is KE=1/2 mv 2 , where m is the mass in kg and v is the velocity in m/sec 2 . It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). This would eliminate parallax error further. Tennis ball experiment The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. They can be the hardest part of a project. where m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity of the moving object. The moving ball gains kinetic energy when it bounces, and loses potential energy as it falls. The third stage is the point at which the ball is momentarily deformed, and bounces off the ground in an upward direction until it reaches its maximum height. For each run, a different amount of change in the variable is used. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. CoR = coefficient of restitution = (speed after collision)/(speed before collision). It travels upwards towards its highest point. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. the Scientific Method This is repeated three times at 5 different heights. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. External factors, i.e. Will you pass the quiz? Why? It was more reliable to use the middle three results as it automatically discounted any anomalies; assuming two similar anomalies were recorded for one height, if they were then they both would be discounted. As it falls, the ball converts energy stored in the force of gravitygravitational potential energyinto energy of motionkinetic energy. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). Gravitational potential energy means energy that an object has based on where it is located in a gravitational field. If you follow the motion of either ball, youll realize that theres a moment halfway through its bounce when the ball is perfectly motionless in contact with the floor. WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air friction. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. 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