[citation needed] It was made up primarily of Americo-Liberians, who maintained social, economic and political dominance well into the 20th century, repeating patterns of European colonists in other nations in Africa. [citation needed] Today, over 20 political parties are registered in the country, based largely around personalities and ethnic groups. In Liberia, the Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex serves as a multi-purpose stadium. It has 3,500 vessels registered under its flag, accounting for 11% of ships worldwide. [68] Climate change in Liberia causes many problems as Liberia is particularly vulnerable to climate change. [197] In 2008, Liberia had only one doctor and 27 nurses per 100,000 people. A small minority of Liberians who are White Africans of European descent reside in the country. The Cavalla is the longest river in the nation at 320 mi (515 km). The greatest amount of rainfall, 205 inches (5,200 mm), occurs at Cape Mount and diminishes inland to about 70 inches (1,800 mm) on the central plateau. Other major rivers are the Lofa in the north and, moving southward, the St. Paul, St. John, and Cestos, all of which parallel each other and flow perpendicular to the coast. [172], Higher education is provided by a number of public and private universities. Nimba is the largest of the counties in size at 11,551km2 (4,460sqmi), while Montserrado is the smallest at 737.069sqmi (1,909.00km2). Finally, there is a mountainous highland region to the north hosting the country's highest point, the 1,440 m high Mount Wuteve, which has been marked on the map by an upright yellow triangle. A striking feature of the mountainous northern highlands along the Guinea frontier is Mount Nimba. [49] The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, a rebel group based in the northwest of the country, launched an armed insurrection against Taylor. The Liberian constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right. This institution was founded in 1998. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; . The population is composed . [212][213] The Liberia national football team has reached the Africa Cup of Nations finals twice, in 1996 and 2002. [111] Upon the end of the war in 2003, GDP growth began to accelerate, reaching 9.4% in 2007. These resulted in the deaths of 250,000 people (about 8% of the population) and the displacement of many more, with Liberia's economy shrinking by 90%. Retrieved October 29, 2013, Marc DuBois and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). [123] Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the war, Liberia maintains a large account deficit, which peaked at nearly 60% in 2008. [200], According to an Overseas Development Institute report, private health expenditure accounts for 64.1% of total spending on health. [174] Since 2006, the government has also opened community colleges in Buchanan, Sanniquellie, and Voinjama. English is the official language, but over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, reflecting the country's ethnic and cultural diversity. Liberia mountains list | peakery Milestones: 1830-1860 - Office of the Historian 2 Robin Dunn-Marcos et al., "Liberians: An Introduction to Their History Culture," Culture Profile No. Bushrod Island is an island near Monrovia, Liberia surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, . What Are The Biggest Industries In Liberia? - WorldAtlas [13] A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005. The dusty and dry harmattan (desert winds) blow from the Sahara to the coast in December, bringing relief from the high relative humidity. However, these animals, along with the already threatened elephants, bush cows (short-horned buffalo), and leopards, were hunted for food during the civil war; their populations are recovering. Encounters with tribal Africans in the bush often became violent. Stella Maris Polytechnic, a post-secondary, private institution of higher learning. [68] During the winter months of November to March, dry dust-laden harmattan winds blow inland, causing many problems for residents. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. [50] Peace talks between the factions began in Accra in June of that year, and Taylor was indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone for crimes against humanity the same month. [57] Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. In 1816, a group of white Americans founded the American Colonization Society (ACS) to deal with the "problem" of the growing number of free blacks in the United States by resettling them in Africa. "China and Liberia: Engagement in a Post-Conflict Country 20032013". Providence Island - UNESCO World Heritage Centre For most of the 194189 period, training was largely provided by U.S. advisors, with combat experience in the Second World War also playing a role in training. Sirleaf's Vision With Passion", "Notes, Presented by Professor and Dean of the Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law, University of Liberia, David A. The first town (1822) was on Providence Island at the mouth of the Mesurado River. Area: 111,370 square kilometers (43,000 square miles) Highest point on mainland: Mount Wutivi (1,380 meters/4,528 feet) Lowest point on land: Sea level. [33] In 1914, Imperial Germany accounted for three quarters of the trade of Liberia. During World War II, the United States made major infrastructure improvements to support its military efforts in Africa and Europe against Germany. [48] A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997. [175][176][177], Due to student protests late in October 2018, newly elected president George M. Weah abolished tuition fees for undergraduate students in the public universities in Liberia.[178]. Hospitals in Liberia include the John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia and several others. [40] In international affairs, it was a founding member of the United Nations, a vocal critic of South African apartheid,[41] a proponent of African independence from European colonial powers, and a supporter of Pan-Africanism. [85], Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. [43], After Liberia adopted a new constitution in 1985, Doe was elected president in subsequent elections that were internationally condemned as fraudulent. Shallow, coarse lithosols, in the hilly and rugged terrain, cover about one-eighth of the land. The 1988 Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act designated the metric system as "the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce," but in practice the system is in mixed usage, with the population generally preferring customary units and industries either fully metric or mixed. Between ~43.5ka, these societies gradually transformed into food producers, possibly through contact with northern pastoralists and agriculturalists, as the environment became more arid. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}630N 930W / 6.500N 9.500W / 6.500; -9.500. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [82], Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the human activities eroding Liberia's natural forests. [71] Climate change is expected to severely impact the economy of Liberia, especially agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Time zone: Noon = noon GMT. The settlers wore top hat and tails and modeled their homes on those of Southern slaveowners. It hosts FIFA World Cup qualifying matches in addition to international concerts and national political events. B. Jallah to the International Association of Law Schools Conference Learning From Each Other: Enriching the Law School Curriculum in an Interrelated World Held at Soochow University Kenneth Wang School of Law, Suzhou, China, October 1719, 2007. As of October 2007 it has 844 officers in 33 stations in Montserrado County, which contains Monrovia. In 1824 the territory was named Liberia, and its main settlement was named Monrovia, which is the present-day capital. [44], The National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), a rebel group led by Charles Taylor, launched an insurrection in December 1989 against Doe's government with the backing of neighboring countries such as Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast. Moumouni, Guillaume. Liberia has been an active participant in international and local policy changes related to climate change. Justification of Outstanding Universal Value. [43] A strategic Cold War ally of the West, Doe received significant financial backing from the United States while critics condemned the PRC for corruption and political repression. [114] Following Sirleaf's inauguration in 2006, Liberia signed several multi-billion-dollar concession agreements in the iron ore and palm oil industries with numerous multinational corporations, including ArcelorMittal, BHP and Sime Darby. Edward Wilmot Blyden, Bai T. Moore, Roland T. Dempster and Wilton G. S. Sankawulo are among Liberia's more prominent authors. The country enjoyed relative stability until a rebellion in 1989 escalated into a destructive civil war in the 1990s that did not fully cease until 2003. The Portuguese named the area Costa da Pimenta ("Pepper Coast") but it later came to be known as the Grain Coast, due to the abundance of melegueta pepper grains. What are the six major rivers of Liberia and their location? Liberia has one of the highest incidences of sexual violence against women in the world. [16] Shortly after the Mane conquered the region, the Vai people of the former Mali Empire immigrated into the Grand Cape Mount County region. 19, The Wologizi mountains are an isolated area of upland located in north-west of the country, to the south of the town of Voinjama. [29] The United States did not recognize Liberia until 1862, after the Southern states, which had strong political power in the American government, declared their secession and the formation of the Confederacy. The", "Data: Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access)", "Liberia: Breathing Life into ailing healthcare system", "Data: Health expenditure per capita (current US$)", "Data: Health expenditure, total (% of GDP)", "Liberian health authorities confirm two cases of Ebola: WHO", The Ebola response in West Africa: Exposing the politics and culture of international aid, "Liberia: War-Weary, With Echoes of Old Dixie", "Liberia: It's the Little Things A Reflection on Ellen Johnson Sirleaf's Journey to the Presidency", "Liberia: "Literature Must Be Given Priority", "Baa Salaka: Sacrificial Lamb A Book Review & Commentary", "George Weah: Ex-AC Milan, Chelsea & Man City striker elected Liberia president", "Liberia:Chaos Mars Grand Bassa and Nimba Clash", "Reforming Cocoa and Coffee Marketing in Liberia", "Gov't Pledges Commitment to Adopt Metric System", Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberia&oldid=1150057700, English-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1847, Articles with dead external links from May 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from September 2018, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Liberian English, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from January 2023, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from January 2023, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2014, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. See hiking info, trail maps, and trip reports for every peak. While Christian, many Liberians also participate in traditional, gender-based indigenous religious secret societies, such as Poro for men and Sande for women. The coastal plains are around 560 km long and 40 km wide and feature sandy beaches, lagoons, mangrove swamps, and some rocky outcrops. It is a region suitable for agriculture and forestry. [150] The government divided its offshore waters into 17 blocks and began auctioning off exploration licenses for the blocks in 2004, with further auctions in 2007 and 2009. Howard Brotz, ed., African American Social & Political Thought 18501920 (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1996), 3839. [217][218] In 2018, the Liberian Commerce and Industry Minister announced that the Liberian government is committed to adopting the metric system.[219]. Liberian Muslims are divided between Sunnis, Shias, Ahmadiyyas, Sufis, and non-denominational Muslims.[169]. Americo-Liberians formed into a small elite that held disproportionate political power; indigenous Africans were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904.[11][12]. Believing themselves different from and culturally and educationally superior to the indigenous peoples, the Americo-Liberians developed as an elite minority that created and held on to political power. [209] Heavy stews spiced with habanero and scotch bonnet chilies are popular and eaten with fufu. 6CRF9647+VR. [citation needed], Liberia has a rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia mountains | peakery [citation needed] Liberia struggled to attract investment to develop infrastructure and a larger, industrial economy. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south and southwest.
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